© 2016 Mr. Ahmed Fahim Youssef. This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)
3.0 license.
American Journal of Applied Sciences
Original Research Paper
Willingness to Communicate in English: Academic Motivation
and using English outside the Classroom as Predictors
Mr. Ahmed Fahim Youssef
Department of Education, SEGi University, Malaysia
Article history
Received: 05-07-2016
Revised: 09-12-2016
Accepted: 10-12-2016
Email: afy0123@gmail.com
Abstract: Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English has become a
field of interest since the construct was introduced by McCroskey and Baer
in 1985. This study, investigated 230 trainee teachers’ Willingness to
Communicate in English with a focus on their Academic Motivation and
Their use of English outside the classroom. Gender, nationality, ethnic
group, specialization and years of study at the Faculty of Education were
considered while exploring the three mentioned variables. The results of the
study revealed that participants preferred to initiate communication in
English with friends rather than acquaintances or strangers even though the
interview results showed they were willing to communicate in English with
strangers more than individual friends or groups of friends from the same
ethnic group. The findings indicated that there were significant differences
based on gender and nationality in UEC. There were significant differences
among participants in WTC and UEC based on their ethnic group and
specialization. Participants from different years in the Faculty of Education
were significantly different in WTC, AM and UEC. The correlation was
positive between WTC and both UEC and AM. The results of regression
analysis showed that the most effective determiner of Willingness to
Communicate in English is participants “Use of English outside the
Classroom. Exposure to the English language from an early age in addition
to family support of the use of English shaped the participants” view of the
English language and determined their competency. Based on the findings a
better understanding of trainee teachers “cognitive abilities, attitudes about
self and university, as well as their language skills would help in improving
their WTC in English. Changing classroom environment and grouping
technique to avoid putting students from the same ethnicity in the same
group can ensure that the only language used will be English. Providing
opportunities outside the classroom for communicating in English through
English language clubs, journeys to English speaking countries, debates,
drama, songs and free writing competitions can help them communicate in
English away from the stress caused by curriculum based activities linked
to credits and grades. Furthermore, communication between faculty and
home is important to understand better factors that may affect trainee
teachers” Willingness to Communicate in English.
Keywords: Willingness to Communicate in English, Academic Motivation,
Using English Outside the Classroom, Ethnic Groups, Gender
Introduction
In spite of the high expectations stated in Malaysia
Educational Blueprint (2013-2025), 64% of Malaysian
tertiary education candidates were categorized as limited
or very limited users of English in the Malaysian
University English Test (MUET) which give complete
reason for 48% of the of employers to reject those with
poor English. (“Room for improvement|New Straits
Times|Malaysia General Business Sports and Lifestyle
News,” 2015). Teachers lack variety of professional
development fundamentals, struggle with inadequate
linguistic knowledge and poor pedagogical skills (Fern and
Jiar, 2012). Challenges facing both teachers and learners