www.springer.com/journal/13296
International Journal of Steel Structures 17(2): 1-13 (2017)
DOI 10.1007/s13296-
ISSN 1598-2351 (Print)
ISSN 2093-6311 (Online)
Seismic Performance of Reduced Web Section Moment Connections
Seyedbabak Momenzadeh
1,
*, Mohammad Taghi Kazemi
2
, and Masoud Hoseinzadeh Asl
3
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, IA, USA, 50011
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box:11155-9313, Iran
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51666-14766, Iran
Abstract
Seismic behavior of beam-to-column connections can be improved by shifting the location of inelasticity away from the
column’s face. Such connections can be achieved by reducing the flange area at a specific distance from the beam-column
connection, called reduced beam section (RBS), or by reducing web area by introducing a perforation into the web, called
reduced web section (RWS). This paper presents a parametric study that is carried out on the effect of the perforation size,
perforation location, and the beam span length in the RWS connections, using finite element modeling. Next, an interaction
formula is derived for design purposes, and a step by step design method is developed. Finally, a frame is analyzed to verify
the reliability of the proposed design process and assess the impact of the RWS connections on the behavior of special moment
frames. The study concludes that RWS connections can effectively improve seismic performance of special moment frames,
causing plastic hinges to form around the perforation away from the column’s face.
Keywords: reduced web section, plastic hinge, shear-moment interaction, beam-column connection
1. Introduction
Many brittle fractures were observed in the beam-to-
column connections of steel moment resisting frames
(SMRFs) after the Northridge earthquake in 1994 and the
Kobe earthquake in 1995 (Miller, 1998). In order to
overcome this issue, some approaches have focused on
increasing the stiffness of the connection, while others
have focused on shifting the location of inelasticity away
from the beam-column connection. In the latter case, the
beam section can be intentionally weakened at a specific
distance from the beam-column connection. As a result,
plastic hinges will form within the reduced section of the
beam away from the column’s face. Intentional reduction
can be introduced in the flanges of the beam, creating a
reduced beam section (RBS), or reduction can be introduced
in the web of the beam, creating a reduced web section
(RWS). Extensive experimental studies confirm that RBS
connections develop high inelastic deformations and sustain
acceptable plastic rotations (Engelhardt et al., 1998;
Chen, 2001; Jin and El-Tawil, 2005; Ricles et al., 2004;
Itani et al., 2004). However, investigations about the
RWS connections are still scattered and scarce. The
results of limited analyses carried out by Kazemi and
Hoseinzadeh Asl (2001) showed that the frames with
RWS connections can provide at least the same level of
seismic improvement as frames with RBS connections.
Lepage et al. (2004) used the reduced web section beams
in SMRFs, and the reduced zones of the beams were
modeled using uncoupled rigid-plastic springs. Moreover,
nonlinear behavior and ultimate capacity of plate girders
utilizing circular or rectangular web openings were
investigated by Shanmugan et al. (2002). It is important
to note that utilizing RBS connections can cause a
reduction in frame stiffness, and this reduction may lead
to at least 4 percent increase in story drift ratio (Lee and
Chung, 2007). However, introducing a perforation in the
beam web does not have a significant effect on the lateral
stiffness of the frame. Experimental studies have shown
that seismic energy will be dissipated by local deformation
in the perforated regions of the beams in the case of
severe earthquake action. In these beams, the expected
failure mode of a ductile frame, i.e., ‘strong column but
weak beam’ and ‘strong connection but weak component’,
will be reached, which will improve the seismic behavior
of SMRFs (Qingshan et al., 2009). Previous investigations
have demonstrated that RWS steel beams with various
opening shapes and sizes behave similarly in terms of
deformed shapes under a wide range of applied bending
Received 00000 00, 2016; accepted 00000 00, 2016;
published online June 30, 2017
© KSSC and Springer 2017
*Corresponding author
Tel: +1-515-708-5797, Fax:
E-mail: babakm@iastate.edu