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International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(5): 624-631
ISSN: 2347-5129
(ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62
(GIF) Impact Factor: 0.549
IJFAS 2016; 4(5): 624-631
© 2016 IJFAS
www.fisheriesjournal.com
Received: 22-07-2016
Accepted: 23-08-2016
Okoye Uzodinma O
Department of Fisheries and
Aquaculture Technology of
Federal university of Technology
Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria
Ndupuh EE
Department of Fisheries and
Aquaculture Technology of
Federal university of Technology
Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria
Adeleye SA
Department of Industrial
Microbiology of Federal
university of Technology Owerri,
Imo state, Nigeria
Correspondence
Okoye Uzodinma O
Department of Fisheries and
Aquaculture Technology of
Federal university of Technology
Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria
A survey on endo-parasites of Clarias gariepinus in
some selected fish farms in Owerri west local
government area of Imo state, Nigeria
Okoye Uzodinma O, Ndupuh EE and Adeleye SA
Abstract
The present study was carried out in three different pond locations in Owerri West (namely Beliorck
aquatic limited Obinze as Pond A, Eddvic integrated farm limited Ihiagwa as Pond B and Urban fish
farm Avu as Pond C), to identify, determine and compare the prevalence of Endo-parasites of Clarias
gariepinus. Of the 60 Clarias gariepinus samples analyzed and examined for Endo-parasites by taking a
smear of their internal organs for examinations using staining method (Giemsa stain), 5 Endo-parasites
were identified and isolated belonging to 3 taxas namely Nematode: Contracaecum sp (11.67%),
Camallanus sp (48.33%), Protozoa: Cryptobia iubilans (40%), Trypanosoma sp (35%),
Acanthocephalans: Acanthocephalus sp (21.67%). Pond C was found to harbour higher number of Endo-
parasites than pond A and pond B. The intestine, stomach, liver and kidney were examined for Endo-
parasites of which the stomach (with Pond A 60%, Pond B 40% and Pond C 80%) accounted as the
organs with the most Endo-parasitic invasion. Bigger fishes were observed to harbor higher Endo-
parasites than the smaller ones.
Keywords: Endo-parasites, selected ponds, Clarias gariepinus, parasites prevalence, invasion and
infestation
1. Introduction
The African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) belongs to the family Clariidae and has been known
to be the most popular fish food in Nigeria (Froese et al., 2014)
[23]
. It is found throughout
Africa and in the Middle East and lives in freshwater rivers, lakes and as well as human-made
habitat, such as the earthen pond or concrete ponds and was introduced all over the world in
the early 1980’s for aquaculture purposes (Froese, 2014)
[23]
. Its importance can never be over
emphasized due to its high nutritive value, it is a good source of protein in the diet of different
countries especially in the tropics and subtropics where malnutrition is a major problem
(Alune and Andrew, 1996)
[6]
. Report shows that fish accounts for more than forty percent of
protein diet of two-thirds of the global population (Eyo, 1992 and FAO, 1999)
[20, 22]
.
According to Sadiku and Oladimeji (1991)
[52]
, the average protein intake by an average
Nigerian was estimated to be about 63.24g/caput/day, which happens to be below
70g/caput/day FAO minimum recommendation protein intake. The demand for fish has been
found to be very high due to its oily flesh and low cholesterol level and; is a promising aspect
of investment in Africa. Fish has a great wide geographical spread, high promise in growth
rate, resistant to handling and as well as appreciated flesh (Akinsanya and Otubanjo, 2006)
[4]
.
One of the major problems of the fishery sector which remains to be addressed as an important
constraint in improving the productivity of the sector in both wild and cultured population are
parasite and disease associated with fish (Subasinghe et al., 2002)
[54]
. Parasites of fish are a
concern since they often produce a weakening of the host’s immune system thereby increasing
their susceptibility to secondary infections that often result in the nutritive devaluation of fish
and subsequent economic losses (Onyedineke et al., 2010)
[45]
. Parasitic diseases reduces fish
production by affecting the normal physiology of the fish and if left uncontrolled could result
to mass mortalities or in some cases could serve as source of infection for human and other
vertebrates that consume it (Ayotunde et al., 2007)
[9]
. These parasites could be Ecto-parasites
or Endo-parasites. The protozoan and helminthes are reported to be the major group of
parasites of fish involved in parasitism in Nigeria (Ndifon and Jimeta, 1990; Adikwu et al.,
2004; Omeji, 2011)
[37, 2, 41]
.