Journal of Pharmacology & Clinical Research ISSN: 2473-5574 Research Article Volume 1 Issue 5 - November 2016 DOI: 10.19080/JPCR.2016.01.555572 J of Pharmacol & Clin Res Copyright © All rights are reserved by Reshma VG Induction of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Dextran Coated Ferrite Nanoparticles (DFNPs) on A549 Cell Lines Reshma VG and Mohanan PV* Department of toxicology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India Submission: October 06, 2016; Published: November 04, 2016 *Corresponding author: Mohanan PV, Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India, Tel: ; Fax: 91-471-2341814; Email: Abstract Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have wide range of biomedical applications such as cellular and molecular imaging, site specific drug delivery etc. In the present study, in-house synthesized and characterized nano-size (<25nm) dextran coated ferrite nanoparticles (DFNPs) was subjected to evaluate the cytotoxic potential by using tetrazolium salts MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide using A549 cell lines (human lung carcinoma cell lines), a model of type 2 human alveolar epithelial cells. Similarly, the effects of DFNPs on oxidative stress (reduced glutathione, Glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidase) using mice lung homogenate were also investigated. Results of the study pointed out that there was a slight fluctuation in antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation, and was not significant when compared to control values. DFNPs did not show cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 100µg/ml. Hence, the present study can be concluded that the in-house synthesized DFNPs were non-cytotoxic and promising their use for biomedical applications. Keywords: Nanoparticles; Antioxidants; In vitro assays; Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Biomedical Abbreviations: DFNPs: Dextran Coated Ferrite Nanoparticles; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide; TBA: Thiobarbituric Acid; GSH: Reduced Glutathione; TCA: Trichloroacetic Acid; DTNB: 5,5’-Dithiobis (2-Nitrobenzoic Acid); GSSG: Oxidized Glutathione; EDTA: Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid; DTPA: Diethylene Triamine Penta-Acetic Acid; CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experimental Animals; LPO: Lipid Peroxidation Assay; GR: Glutathione reductase; GPx: Glutathione Peroxidase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase assay; MDA: Malondialdehyde; TBARS: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; NADPH: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Introduction Nanoparticles are generally 1-100 nm scale small sized particles, have unique magnetic, optical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, electron configuration density characteristics and have a wide range of applications in medicine, electronics and energy production. They have ample applications for commercial purposes like opacifiers, semiconductors, catalysts, fillers, cosmetics and microelectronics. As a result of emerging growth of nanotechnology, large amount of fabrication of nanomaterials are possible in such a way that doped with noble metals (palladium, platinum and ruthenium) they can be used in various biomedical applications [1]. Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are good diagnostic agents [2] and they are favorable site specific drug delivery systems owing to their capacity of targeting drugs by using external magnetic guidance [3]. Cellular labeling (in vivo macrophage activity) and targeting, separation and purification of cells, tissue repair, hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetofection, etc. are the applications of ferrite nanoparticles [4]. Early and specific detection of lung metastasis was done by high-resolution hyperpolarized 3He MRI using iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with cancer binding ligands [5]. Surface modification of nanoparticles has multiple purposes [6]. It increases nanoparticles stability and biocompatibility, J of Pharmacol & Clin Res 1(5): JPCR.MS.ID.555572 (2016) 001