INTERNATIONAL JOURNALFOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN – 2455-0620 Volume - 3, Issue - 5 , May - 2017 Available online on – WWW.IJIRMF.COM Page 158 Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder among the Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis Ankita Sharma 1 and V.K. Shivgotra 2 Department of Statistics, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India Email: ankitareasi@gmail.com (This is for example - Authors can use subtitles/contents as per their research work) 1. INTRODUCTION: Thyroid gland is an important endocrinal gland in the human body. It is the most studied endocrinal system in the human body. It functions to maintain homeostasis and basic metabolic rate. Thyroid diseases are very common these days and have brought focus on this by a wide range of surgeons and doctors. With the widespread availability of thyroid function testing in recent years, increasing numbers of patients with symptoms, which might be attributable to hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are being tested. In addition to the 20 million Americans who have some form of thyroid disease, more than 12% of the U.S. population will develop a thyroid diseases condition during their lifetime. Perhaps the most stunning statistic is that up to 60% of those with thyroid diseases are unaware of their condition[1]. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer approximately 1 to 1.5% of all new cancers diagnosed each year in the USA and its incidence has continuously increased in the last three decades all over the world [1]. The increasing incidence is indicated by the annual percent change (APC) that in the USA was 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in the population. Kilforyet al. [2] reported in their study, thyroid cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women in Italy and Jemalet al. [3] stated that thyroid cancer is second most frequent cancer in women below 45 years of age. The relationship of thyroid disease and pregnancy is important for several reasons. First, pregnancy alters thyroid physiology and increases overall circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones. Secondly, pregnancy is associated with general immunosuppression, which causes an amelioration of symptoms that are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases [4]. Unfortunately, after the pregnancy is over, people with previously asymptomatic autoimmune- mediated thyroid disease may develop symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Finally, it is estimated the 2 to 15% of women become hyperthyroid in post-partum. Therefore evaluation of thyroid disease in pregnancy is important for gestational maternal health, obstetric outcome and subsequent development of the child. The most frequent thyroid disorder in pregnancy is maternal hypothyroidism [5]. The associated with fetal loss, placental abruptions, preeclampsia, preterm delivery and reduced intellectual function in off spring. There is a wide geographic variation in prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. It varies from 2.5 to 11% in India [6]. Prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be more in Asian countries compared with the western. Before the onset of fetal thyroid function, that occurs about 12 weeks of gestation, the fetous is dependent on the placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormone for normal development[7].Therefore, maternal hypothyroidism early in the pregnancy cause decreased availability of thyroid hormone during the initial phase of normal brain development and prematurity, low-birth weight, fetal death, fetal distress in labor, prenatal death[8]. Although the presence of hypothyroidism has been associated with successful pregnancies to term, the rates of abortion and stillbirth are doubled in untreated maternal hypothyroidism. Various studies reported up to a 20% incident of perinatal mortality, and congenital malformations associated with maternal hypothyroidism.The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnant women and how to manage such conditions and complications. Abstract: Thyroid disorder is most common in women’s as compare to male population. In females, this is the most common endocrine disorder during pregnancy resulting into abnormal maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is associated with profound changes in thyroid function. Many studies have reported that thyroid prevalence shows variation with age, sex, dietary habits, stress and geographical location. So, in this article, we have studied the prevalence of Thyroid disorder among Indian female population during the pregnancy on the basis of earlier studies. In the present study, MEDLINE, Pub Med, Google Scholar Data Bases from 2005-2015 were searched for prevalence of thyroid and burden of thyroid in pregnant women. A random effect model was used to obtain the pooled estimate of prevalence of thyroid disorder pregnancy in Indian female population.A total of fourteen studies were identified on prevalence of thyroid disorder among the pregnant women from various parts of India covering a population of 10022. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 18.41% (95% CI: 20.55% to 13.54%). Key Words: Thyroid Disease, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy.