JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL ESTATE PLANNING 47
October–November 2007
Margaret Stout is an Assistant Professor in the Political Sci-
ence Department at Bridgewater State College in Massachu-
setts. She specializes in public administration and nonprofit
leadership and management. Dr. Stout may be reached at
(508) 531-1387 or margaret.stout@bridgew.edu.
Leigh Harter is the Managing Director of the Insurance
Design Center, LLC, a fee-based life insurance consulting firm
promoting advocacy through education and advice. Ms. Harter
leads the case design division. Ms. Harter may be reached at
(847) 943-0800 or lharter@idc-llc.com.
©
2007 M. Stout and L. Harter
Charitable Remainder Trusts Part I:
The Aspiration of Stewardship
By Margaret Stout and Leigh Harter
In this first part of the two-part article, Margaret Stout and Leigh
Harter discuss the history and philosophical beginnings of
charitable remainder trusts and the impact of this giving strategy
on the sustainability of nonprofit organizations.
Introduction
This two-part series discusses both the philosophy
and the nuts and bolts of Charitable Remainder
Trusts (CRTs) and Charitable Remainder Unitrusts
(CRUTs) in particular. Part I will focus on the spirit in
which these financial tools were created. The original
purpose of these trusts was not about tax shelters
for the wealthy, short-term benefits to cash-flow or
legal codes and loopholes. It was not about complex
forecast modeling that accounts for every possible
financial variable. It was and continues to be about
stewardship. It is about a community leader who
had a plan for enabling common people to advocate
for their values, while taking care of themselves and
their families both ethically and financially. More
importantly, it is a lesson for public policy and estate
planning practitioners whose foresight can either
encourage or destroy this charitable intent.
Charitable Intent: Footprints in
the Sands of Time
Most research supports the assertion that the pri-
mary reason for making a charitable donation is
the desire to create public good. “Philanthropy is
… about donors’ using their funds to explore their
own private visions of the public good.”
1
“Etymologi-
cally, philanthropy means ‘love of human beings.’ In
practice, the term is often used to describe gifts of the
wealthy to the non-wealthy.”
2
However, the desire to
be philanthropic can be felt by anyone who seeks to
further the public good. Harvard theorist Peter Frum-
kin provides an excellent overview of the values and
characteristics of the nonprofit sector. “An important
part of nonprofit and voluntary activity is expressive
in character and speaks to the need people feel to
enact their values through work, prayer, philanthropy,
and volunteerism.”
3
In other words, charitable intent
seeks to leave one’s footprints in the sands of time.
Yet the desire to act philanthropically must be sup-
ported by the ability to do so. Therefore, financial
considerations play a secondary but crucial role in
charitable intent, in essence dictating who within our
society has the opportunity to express themselves,
and which values find enactment. Our goal is to ex-
pand the ability for philanthropic action, making the
ability to use this strategy more inclusive. Advocates
in the financial services world who understand the
advantages of long-term charitable planning could
help their clients build a long-term plan that encour-
ages altruism and charitable intent while supporting
wealth creation. Many parents attempt to build a
set of values into their wealth transfer planning by
restricting trust income should the children not meet
specified career or educational objectives, but there
could be a better way.
Charitable intent is based on multifaceted motiva-
tions. “Human behavior is complex, and ultimately
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