DOI:10.21276/sjpm.2017.2.3.7 78 Original Research Article Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology ISSN 2518-3362 (Print) Scholars Middle East Publishers ISSN 2518-3370 (Online) Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: http://scholarsmepub.com/ Effect of transfluthrin-impregnated insecticide paper on some biochemical parameters and lung histopathology in rats I.U. Muhammad 1* , A.J. Alhassan 1 , A.A. Imam 1 , A. Idi 1 , A. Mohammed 2 , A. Nasir 3 , A. I. Yaradua 3 , S.M. Adamu 4 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bayero University, P. M. B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria. 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi. Nigeria. 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of natural and applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar´adua University, Katsina, Nigeria. 4 Department of Pathology, National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author: I.U. Muhammad Email: ibrahimmuhd@yahoo.com Abstract: Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and histological analysis of lungs were carried out in twenty rats exposed to smoke from transfluthrin impregnated insecticide paper. The rats were divided into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of four each. Group one served as control while Group II, III, IV and V were exposed to smoke from transfluthrin impregnated paper Insecticide for 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes daily for four weeks respectively. On the 29th day, the rats were euthanized and blood sample was collected and centrifuged for analysis of biochemical parameters (MDA, AST, ALT and ALP), the animals were dissected and lung tissues were collected for histological analysis. Significant increase (p<0.05) in all parameters (MDA, AST, ALT and ALP) were observed in a time dependent pattern compared to normal control. However, histopathological analysis of the lung tissues shows no pathological changes between test groups and normal control. Thus, exposure of rat to smoke from transfluthrin impregnated paper insecticide modifies biochemical parameters (MDA, AST, ALT and ALP) but within the context of duration of this research, no significant pathology was observed in lung tissues. Transfluthrin impregnated paper insecticide should be used with caution. Keywords: Biochemical, histopathological, insecticide, smoke and transfluthrin. INTRODUCTION Malaria is a disease caused by injection of plasmodium parasite into the human body due to bite of certain species of female anopheles mosquitoes. The infective forms (sporozoites) of one or more of at least four different species of plasmodium invade the liver and subsequently red blood cells giving rise to periodic shivering, pyrexia and sweating [1]. Malaria is by far the world’s most important tropical parasitic disease killing people more than any other communicable disease expect AIDS and Tuberculosis. Worldwide prevalence of the disease is in the order of 350-500 million clinical cases each year, with an estimated annual death of over 1.1 million deaths each year [2].Mosquitoes are common insect in the family culicidae within the order dipthera, class insecta and phylum arthropoda, there are about 3,500 species of Mosquitoes found throughout the world [3]. In some species of Mosquitoes, the females feed on human and therefore serves as vectors for a number of infectious diseases, human malaria is transmitted only by females of the genus Anopheles, they are approximately 430 Anopheles species out of which only 30-40 transmit malaria (i.e are vectors) in nature. Mosquitoes go through four stages in their life cycle: larva, pupa and adult. Mosquitoes in which the female mouthparts are adapted for piercing and sucking belong to subfamily culicinae, the common house mosquito is classified as culexpipiens, and the species that transmit malaria are classified in the genus anopheles. Insecticides are applied to control larvae (larvicides) or adults (adulticides) mosquitoes. Applications of adulticides or larvicides are made after the presence of mosquitoes has been demonstrated by surveillance procedures. All insecticides must have the name and amount of active ingredient (AI) appearing on the label; examples are DEET and pyrethroids [4]. Pyrethroids are synthetic chemicals similar to natural chemicals pyrethrins produced by the flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemumcinerariac folium and Chrysanthemumcinerariac coccincum). Pyrethroids now constitute a major proportion of the synthetic insecticides and are common in commercial products such as household insecticide and insect repellent in a