Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2013, Article ID 274274, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/274274
Research Article
Hepatoprotective Effect of Fermented Soybean (Nutrient
Enriched Soybean Tempeh) against Alcohol-Induced Liver
Damage in Mice
Hamidah Mohd Yusof,
1
Norlaily Mohd Ali,
1
Swee Keong Yeap,
2
Wan Yong Ho,
1
Boon Kee Beh,
3
Soo Peng Koh,
4
Kamariah Long,
4
Suraini Abdul Aziz,
3
and Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
1
1
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang,
Selangor 43400, Malaysia
2
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang,
Selangor 43400, Malaysia
4
Biotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor 43400,
Malaysia
Correspondence should be addressed to Noorjahan Banu Alitheen; noorjahan@biotech.upm.edu.my
Received 17 May 2013; Accepted 15 July 2013
Academic Editor: Qing He
Copyright © 2013 Hamidah Mohd Yusof et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Recently, soybean tempeh has received great attention due to many advantages such as higher nutritional value, lower production
cost, and shorter fermentation time. In this study, the in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant efects of nutrient enriched
soybean tempeh (NESTE) were determined. NESTE fermentation process which involved anaerobic incubation was previously
proclaimed to increase the content of amino acids and antioxidant properties remarkably. he evaluation of histological sections,
serum biochemical markers (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cholesterol and triglycerides
(TG)), liver immune response level (nitric oxide (NO)) and liver antioxidant level (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ferric reducing
antioxidant power (FRAP), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) was conducted in order to compare the efects of nonfermented soybean
extract (SBE) and fermented soybean extract (NESTE) on alcohol-induced liver damage in mice. Results demonstrated that
1000 mg/kg of NESTE can signiicantly reduce the levels of AST, ALT, cholesterol, TG, MDA, and NO. On the other hand, it also
raised the level of SOD and FRAP. Furthermore, the histological examination on 1000 mg/kg NESTE treatment group showed that
this extract was capable of recovering the damaged hepatocytes to their normal structures. hus, it can be concluded that NESTE
produced through fermentation process was able to enhance hepatoprotective and antioxidant efects in vivo.
1. Introduction
Liver is the largest human’s organs ater skin and it plays
several vital functions including the metabolic, vascular,
immunological, secretory, and excretory activities in the body
[1]. Liver also provides a major function in the metabolism of
fat, protein, and carbohydrate [1]. Numerous substances have
been demonstrated to be toxic to the liver cells and alcohol
was the most reported cause of liver disease worldwide [2].
Consumption of excessive alcohol can contribute to liver
diseases which are mostly initiated by acute inlammation
followed by the development of steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis,
and eventually cirrhosis and ibrosis [3, 4]. To date, 90%
of the heavy alcohol drinkers had developed fatty liver
disease (steatosis) and 10% to 20% of these heavy drinkers
are sufering from alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis [4].
Alcohol-induced liver damage is generally associated with the
increasing level of free radicals which cause the development