a SciTechnol journal Research Article
Rasmussen et al., J Genit Syst Disord 2017, 6:2
DOI: 10.4172/2325-9728.1000171
Journal of Genital
System & Disorders
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Adolescents Show Sex-Speciic
Preferences on Media when
Pornography is a Major Source
of Sexual Knowledge
Anna Lund Rasmussen, Rebekka Oxenvad Svarrer and Finn
Friis Lauszus*
Abstract
Aim: Reports are rare on sexual knowledge associated with
consumption of pornography in adolescence.
Methods: A questionnaire was presented to all pupils in 9
th
grade
in the municipality of Viborg without prior notice to teachers or
pupils. We wanted to explore the knowledge on sexual matters
with focus on pornography and what media was used. Pornography
was divided according to ive media subcategories. Knowledge on
sexually transmitted infection (STI), pregnancy and abortion and
their associations with pornography were explored.
Results: Pornography was reported as the second largest source
of knowledge on sex (61%) only surpassed marginally by closest of
friends as source (63%). Girls reported more use of pornographic
written media as source of knowledge than boys (p=0.002).
Sixty-eight percent (218 of 320) of the girls reported having their
knowledge on sex from magazines without explicit photographs;
thus, these magazines constituted a major source for adolescent
girls. Girls knew the gestational age of legal abortion in Denmark
and had their knowledge from non-explicit magazines while this was
not the case for boys (p=0.004). Pupils who stated their knowledge
on sex from these magazines knew the irst sign of pregnancy
(menostasia), the correct facts of legal abortion, and STI.
Conclusions: Pornography in different media is used in the vast
majority of adolescents and its use is sex-speciic. Knowledge on
STI, pregnancy, legal abortion was variably associated with the
type of media.
Keywords
Media; Pornography; Adolescents; Sexually transmitted infections;
Sex debut; Legal abortion
*Corresponding author: Finn Lauszus, Associate Professor, Research
Specialist Gynecology Department, Herning Hospital Gl, Landevej 61, DK-
7400 Herning, Denmark, Tel: +45 78 43 46 14, +45 28 49 56 40; Fax: +45 78
43 46 36; E-mail: inlau@rm.dk
Received: February 06, 2017 Accepted: March 27, 2017 Published: April 03,
2017
Abbreviations: HIV: Human Immunodeiciency Virus; HPV:
Human Papilloma Virus; STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection
Introduction
Sot-core pornography in printed and screen media is
increasingly part of popular culture, readily found in fashion
magazines, commercials, and music videos. he deinition is
commercial still photography or ilm, which contain a pornographic
or erotic component, but that is less sexually explicit and intensive
than hardcore pornography, which shows sex in a very detailed,
explicit way [1]. Whether pornography is an accepted part of young
people’s daily lives is debatable but magazines that target adolescents
in their early teenage years and with an explicit sexual content are a
fairly recent phenomenon [2-7].
Health professionals have witnessed increased access to
pornography and increasing explicit sexual contents in the media
[3,4,6,7]. Several approaches have shown little, if any, long-term
efectiveness at regulation of exposure to sexual content in media;
the aim was to inluence attitude and behavior in adolescents or
various demographic subgroups [4,5]. hese initiatives have a hint
of moral panic and color the professionals’ perceptions of their
efect. Obviously adults and their adolescents express concerns on
media inluence very diferently: from concern of potential harm
to experimental curiosity [7]. However, some use of pornography
may be educational and merely entertainment [8,9]. In a review the
evidence for correlations between pornography consumption and
a range of social and health outcomes were inconclusive, with little
replicability across studies [10].
Numerous reports on pornography are not media-speciic
and lack in what lessons were learned from pornography [2-5,11].
One crucial point is that the link and timing of the behavior with
pornography may be decades apart and may relect the result of
multiple other inputs that may be via diferent media, educational
institutions or human interaction. Others found a sex-speciic use
of pornography for reasons of simple curiosity, sexual arousal or
masturbation [12,13]. he contents of these media, however, are not
the aim of this study, but rather the type of media and what may be
the efect on knowledge of its use. Implications of gaining knowledge
through pornography may lie in expectations about partners and
each other’s behavior and whether anything is learned with regard
to pregnancy or concerns of transmitting infections. he latter end-
points are skewed towards that girls are expected to know more on
that part of the sexual physiology.
In our 2007 survey the pupils used the opportunity to comment
on answers and helped us in attending the available resources in use
[12]. he media have undoubtedly an efect on adolescent sexual
attitude and behavior but little evidence-based public policy has
been implemented [11,14]. Although television is subject to ongoing
tracking of its sexual content, other media are not. So the data are
rare on which media is sought out and who seek out particular
issues; similarly, little is known on concomitant sexual knowledge
associated with adolescent exposure to various media [14-17]. Studies
on adults estimate that pornography is consumed by the majority of
men, with only slightly lower rates for women [11,18]. We did not
hypothesize that sex-speciic preferences existed on pornography as
these may have cultural and social roots; instead, the diferentiation
and focus were on which particular media was used. Our hypothesis
was that use of pornography would be associated with knowledge
on sexual issues and that boys watched screen-based pornography
more than girls. he aim of our 2014 survey was to explore the
knowledge on infections, fertility, hormonal cycle, pregnancy,
contraception, and abortion. he descriptive study was expanded
on the use of pornography and in which media. We were aware that