J. Marine Sci. Appl. (2016) 15: 41-49
DOI: 10.1007/s11804-016-1342-1
Parametric Study of Two-Body Floating-Point Wave Absorber
Atena Amiri, Roozbeh Panahi
*
and Soheil Radfar
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-143, Iran
Abstract: In this paper, we present a comprehensive numerical
simulation of a point wave absorber in deep water. Analyses are
performed in both the frequency and time domains. The converter
is a two-body floating-point absorber (FPA) with one degree of
freedom in the heave direction. Its two parts are connected by a
linear mass-spring-damper system. The commercial
ANSYS-AQWA software used in this study performs well in
considering validations. The velocity potential is obtained by
assuming incompressible and irrotational flow. As such, we
investigated the effects of wave characteristics on energy
conversion and device efficiency, including wave height and wave
period, as well as the device diameter, draft, geometry, and
damping coefficient. To validate the model, we compared our
numerical results with those from similar experiments. Our study
results can clearly help to maximize the converter’s efficiency
when considering specific conditions.
Keywords: floating-point absorber, wave energy, energy absorption,
Wave Energy Converter (WEC), Power Take Off (PTO), numerical
simulation
Article ID: 1671-9433(2016)01-0041-09
1 Introduction
1
In order to meet increased energy demands while also
reducing CO2 emissions, the development of renewable
energy sources is currently a priority for many industrialized
countries. Wave power is an extremely promising renewable
resource that could provide a substantial supply of clean
energy (Bozzi et al., 2013). Using waves as a renewable
energy source offers significant advantages over other
energy generation methods, including the following (Drew
et al., 2009):
1) Sea waves offer the highest energy density among the
renewable energy sources.
2) There are few negative environmental impacts
associated with their use.
3) There is a natural seasonal variability in wave energy,
which follows electricity demand in temperate climates.
4) Waves can travel great distances with little energy loss.
5) Wave power devices can reportedly generate power up
to 90 percent of the time, compared to 20–30 percent
for wind and solar power devices.
Due to the high density of water, sea wave power is one
Received date: 2015-10-01
Accepted date: 2015-12-14
*Corresponding author Email: rpanahi@modares.ac.ir
© Harbin Engineering University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
of the most powerful sources of renewable energy. In recent
years, wave energy extraction has been a popular field of
study among researchers and examples of wave-energy
converters are found throughout the literature (Antonio,
2009; Drew et al., 2009; Falnes, 2002). These converters are
generally divided into categories based on their distance
from the shoreline and the type of technology used.
In another category type, there are three groups of devices
that are classified based on their horizontal dimension with
respect to sea waves. When the horizontal dimension of a
converter is much smaller than the wavelength of an
incident wave, it is known as a point absorber; otherwise, it
is called a line absorber. A line absorber that is parallel with
the waves is called an attenuator and one that is
perpendicular to the waves is called a terminator. In this
study, we focus on the point absorber. Point absorbers
(floating or submerged) convert the vertical motion of ocean
waves into linear or rotational motion to drive electrical
generators by means of a power take off (PTO) system
(Bozzi et al., 2013). While they have a low energy
absorbtion rate, if the size of the device is taken into account,
its energy absorption capacity seems favorable (Iglesias et
al., 2010). In addition, active and/or passive controls, as
well as an optimized wave farm arrangement, can result in
an increase in total energy absorption (Babarit et al., 2004;
Fusco et al., 2011).
The Folating Point Absorber (FPA) concept was first
introduced by Budal and Falnes (1978), and the mathematical
FPA relationships were presented by McCormick (2013). It is
an incontestable fact that a good wave absorber must be a
good wave maker. Hence, in order to absorb wave energy, it is
necessary to displace water in an oscillatory manner and with
the correct phase (timing) (Cruz, 2008; Falnes, 1995). FPAs
can heave up and down on the surface of the water. Because
of their small size, wave direction is not an important
consideration for these devices. There are numerous examples
of FPAs, one of which is Ocean Power Technology (OPT)’s
Powerbuoy. Fig. 1 shows an photo of a wave farm using
Powerbuoys (Drew et al., 2009).
Eriksson et al. (2005) conducted numerical wave
interaction studies using a cylindrical point absorber
connected to a seabed-based linear generator. In that study,
the generator was modeled as a viscous damper. By writing
the equation of motion and considering different diameters,
as well as the spring and damper coefficients, it is possible
to calculate the energy absorption.
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