JOURNAL OF THE
WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
Vol. 42, No. 4
August, 2011
GnRHa-induced Multiple Spawns and Volition Spawning
of Captive Spotted Rose Snapper, Lutjanus guttatus ,
at Mazatlan, Mexico
Leonardo Ibarra-Castro and Luis Alvarez-Lajonch` ere
1,2
Centro de Investigaci´ on en Alimentaci´ on y Desarrollo, A. C., Avenida S´ abalo Cerritos S N,
Mazatlan, C.P. 82010, A.P. 711, Sinaloa, Mexico
Abstract. – Sexual maturation and induced spawning
treatments were carried out with captive spotted rose snap-
per, Lutjanus guttatus. A total of 3013 × 10
6
eggs (64.7%
were floating) were produced from eight treated females
in 42 spawns induced with GnRHa implants during the
course of the present study. GnRHa ethylene-vinyl acetate
copolymer effective doses were 204 ± 11 μg/kg in June
2005, and 224 ± 13 μg/kg in July 2005. General fertil-
ization was 50.9 ± 34.5% and 12–14 h after spawning,
viability of floating eggs was 90.4 ± 12.4%. Mean incuba-
tion period at 29–31 C was 18–20 h, and mean hatching
was 94.4 ± 8.2% (73–100%). Newly hatched larvae were
2.18 ± 0.15 mm in total length (TL). One month after the
last hormone experiment, previously GnRHa-treated and
untreated fish began spawning voluntarily. Hormone-treated
breeders had higher fecundity than untreated fish, producing
72.5 million eggs versus 13.9 million eggs for the untreated
fish, over the following 11 mo. Combined data of volitional
spawning for total egg fertilization, viability, hatching, and
larval TL were 77.7 ± 1.8%, 90.3 ± 1.3%, 87.9 ± 2%, and
2.50 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. These results can ensure the
sustainability of a commercial hatchery.
Snappers (Family Lutjanidae) are highly val-
ued as food fishes and achieve high market
prices worldwide. Several snapper species are
commercially cultured in floating cages and
coastal ponds, mostly in Asia, with a total pro-
duction of 7302 t in 2007 (FAO 2010). Owing
to current difficulties in spawning and rear-
ing of snapper, much of this production is
derived from the culture of snapper juveniles
captured from the wild. The commercial pro-
duction of any marine fish species-based wild
juveniles can be unsustainable because the cap-
ture of wild juveniles is unsustainable, limited,
unpredictable, and costly. Therefore, a reliable,
1
Corresponding author.
2
Present address: Calle 41 No. 886, Nuevo Vedado,
Plaza, La Habana, CP 10600, Cuba.
cost-effective, and stable technology with con-
sistent results for mass production of good qual-
ity fry must be developed to meet growing
demand and reduce pressure on wild popula-
tions. The above goal has led to a general strat-
egy for the establishment of captive broodstock
of many marine fish species, as it is the basis of
successful culture operations in many countries
especially in Asia and the Mediterranean (Lee
et al. 1993; Moretti et al. 1999).
Spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus, is a
popular food fish in several American countries
with coasts on the Pacific Ocean. Studies on
induced and natural reproduction of spotted
rose snapper are currently underway in several
Latin American countries to meet the growing
need (Cano 2003; Boza-Abarca et al. 2008;
Alvarez-Lajonch` ere et al. 2010; Herrera-Ulloa
et al. 2010). Fattening of wild juveniles is
growing in Sinaloa, Mexico, because of its local
popularity and high market value. A spawning
protocol using mature fish taken from the wild
was developed by Ibarra-Castro and Duncan
(2007), while previous efforts to establish
a captive broodstock were not successful,
although vitellogenesis was observed to start
after a period of 8 mo in captivity (Ibarra-
Castro et al. 2008). A very brief summary
of some results of the induced spawning of
captive fish was included by Ibarra-Castro
and Alvarez-Lajonch` ere (2009). Spotted rose
snapper is a batch spawner with asynchronous
ovarian development, and a long reproductive
season with two main spawning periods (Cruz-
Romero et al. 1996). This article presents the
methods and results of establishing a captive
broodstock of the spotted rose snapper, as well
© Copyright by the World Aquaculture Society 2011
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