www.springer.com/journal/13296
International Journal of Steel Structures 17(2): 1-10 (2017)
DOI 10.1007/s13296-
ISSN 1598-2351 (Print)
ISSN 2093-6311 (Online)
3-D Finite Element Modeling of Extended Single Plate Shear
Connections: Predicting the Mode of Failure
Mohamed F. Suleiman
1,
*, Bahram M. Shahrooz
2
, Herbert L. Bill
2
,
Patrick J. Fortney
3
, and William A. Thornton
3
Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, University of Cincinnati,
Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
Cives Steel Company, Roswell, GA, 30076, USA
Abstract
Twisting and lateral-torsional stability of extended shear-plate connections could be a design issue due to the relatively long
distance between the weld and the bolt centroid of the shear tab, and the eccentricity between the thickness of the connection
plate and web of the supported beam. The 13
th
edition of the Steel Construction Manual did not include checks for determining
whether or not twisting would have to be considered as a controlling design limit state. However, the current edition (i.e., the
14
th
edition) provides a methodology for evaluating the need for stiffeners (also called stabilizer plates) that based on the
amount of twisting of the connection plate. This paper presents the results of three-dimensional non-linear finite element
analyses of a number of extended single plate connections in which the floor slab, which braces the top flange of the supported
member, was incorporated. The primary goal of the reported research was to examine the need for stabilizer plates, and to
investigate twist in extended shear tabs.
Keywords: Extended single plate shear connections, Stabilizer plates, Torsional moment, Twist, Shear tab
1. Introduction
Single plate shear connections are a common type of
connection in which a shear tab is welded to the
supporting member and is bolted to the web of the
supported beam. Depending on the distance between the
weld line and the centroid of the bolt group, the connection
is classified as either a conventional or extended single
plate shear connection. The extended single plate shear
connection, hereafter referred to as EST, is an economical
option for beam-beam or beam-column web connections
because it eliminates the need for copes, and is easier and
safer to erect (Gong, 2010; Yura, 1982).
Considering that the connection plate and the beam
web are not in the same vertical plane, twisting in the
plate can occur. The larger distance between the bolt line
and the weld line of an EST connection could make the
angle of twist larger relative to a conventional single plate
shear connection, Astaneh et al. (1989) and Muir et al.
(2011). In a series of tests conducted by Sherman and
Ghorbanpoor (Sherman et al., 2002), excessive twisting
of some of the EST connections was observed. Floor/roof
diaphragms are expected to reduce the lateral twist of the
beam and EST by restraining the out-of-plane displacement
of the beam’s top flange; however, floor/roof diaphragms
were not included in the Sherman and Ghorbanpoor test
specimens. Based on the results from these rather simplified
test specimens, (Sherman and et al., 2002) concluded that
twisting would need to be considered as a potential primary
limit state or failure mode in EST connection. Furthermore,
they recommended that EST connections not be used
unless stiffeners (also called stabilizer plates) are provided
in the joint region. The 14
th
edition of AISC Steel Construction
Manual (2010) provides equations to evaluate the need
for stiffeners. These equations were developed based on
fundamental concepts of structural mechanics.
The main goals of the research reported herein were to
(1) better understand the performance of EST connections,
(2) examine the possibility of twist as a governing limit
state, and (3) study the need for stabilizer plates. To
achieve these goals, nonlinear finite element analyses of
a number of EST connections were conducted.
Received 00000 00, 2016; accepted 00000 00, 2016;
published online June 30, 2017
© KSSC and Springer 2017
*Corresponding author
Tel: +1-412-805-4610, Fax: +1-877-288-1826
E-mail: suleiman.25@osu.edu, mfozys@hotmail.com