1 SAYYID MOHAMMAD ABDULLE HASSAN’S ANTI-IMPERIAL RESISTANCE By Ali Sheikh A. Dhagaweyne Abstract At the advent of the 19 th century coincided with the awakening of Somalis political consciousness and the Euro-Christian imperialist partition of the larger Somalis hinterland into four portions distributed to; Britain, France, Italy and Ethiopia, the latter represents as the only then black imperialist. Being characterized as the most homogeneous society in Sub-Sahara Africa with the same language, same religion (Sunni Muslims) and adopted one cultural pattern, it didn’t allow them to hunt their colonial interest peacefully. Thus, in a short span, of less than a year the rise of the Dervishes state that carried out the most savagery resistance in the 19 th defied all the imperialist misconstruction against Somalis on the authority of being smeared as disorganization and disorderly clannish society. Introduction The contemporary Somali historian and students of history could find it hard to believe that Somalis lived, generation after generation, century after century, without authentic political organization or strong traditional government institutions uniting all Somali tribes into one political order. Even though that being the case, there still some level of collective tradition laws for coordination to maintain inter and intra collective good and fair dispensation of justices. In essence, the only law of the land was their long kept traditional customs, virtues and values known as “Xeer institution”. In unlikely event a crime is/was committed, the injured party would ask the offending clan to administer “justice” by taking note from a similar incident in the past and thus a legal ruling would be executed judiciously. Although this system led very often than not denigrated as dreadful unkindness. In the past literatures little as it was focused, mainly when considering the anti-imperialist nationalist Sayyid Mohammad Abdulle Hassan and his Dervishes state of the 19 th century. The few interested authors end up orbiting around the freedom struggle particularly the Dervishes military expeditions against the British colonial administration in Northern Somalis land without necessarily giving attention to the bearing strength, passion and the intensity of his religious and organizational influence across Somalis that shaped puritanical thinking of their Islamic faith up to the present day. Therefore, this paper will reveal three salient features that help expedite the Dervish/Darwish state take-off and environmental factors enhanced its achievements. Considerable emphasis are accorded in the other chapters of the main book, however in this chapter[paper] faint attention is given to his profuse Islamic knowledge he tussled to acquire during his teenage to adulthood through travelling different countries including Yemen, Makkah and Harar city state and the role it has played in wake of his Dervishes conscription process. The other aspect that will enjoy lesser degree attention among others his “charismatic and articulate” traits and how it had help him to attract large scale of followers for his freedom vision in a span of less than quarter of century without material incentives. Finally, the will talk of the introduction of Neo-Sufi sect, Saalihiyya as the as the Islamic knowledge wing of the Dervishes under the leadership