Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1 2 © 2014 Materials Research Society
DOI: 10.1557/opl.2014.38
Programmable Anisotropic Microparticles for Self-Assembly Applications
Jonathan Liu,
1
C. Wyatt Shields IV,
1,2
Oluwatosin Omofoye,
3
Gabriel P. Lopez
1,2,3
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
2
Research Triangle Material Research Science and Engineering Center (Triangle MRSEC),
Durham, NC, USA
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS), Duke University,
Durham, NC, USA
Abstract
Colloids with anisotropic shape and properties can enable the assembly of advanced materials
otherwise not attainable by microfabrication. In this study, we present a convenient method using
common microfabrication tools to generate a diverse array of non-spherical microparticles with
well-defined shapes, sizes, electromagnetic properties for self-assembly applications. Projection
photolithography onto SU-8 photoresist enabled the production of large aspect ratio
microparticles such as cubes, cuboids, cylinders, hexagonal prisms, and parallelepipeds. We
characterized these particles to confirm their anisotropic shape and size monodispersity.
Fluorescent stains (e.g., Nile red) were mixed into the photoresist prepolymer to enhance the
visualization of particle orientation. Particles designed for passive self-assembly were prepared
by conventional photolithographic techniques. Particles designed for active assembly were then
decorated with metallic patches in precise locations along the surface (e.g., top, side or multiple
sides) using electron beam metal evaporation. This metal deposition process can enable
orientational control of particles during their assembly in directed fields. After fabrication, large
particles (e.g., 1,000 µm
3
) were released from the substrate via gentle sheer forces, whereas
small particles (e.g., 10 µm
3
) were released by the dissolution of a sacrificial layer underneath
the SU-8. Suspending the particles in water with surfactant (or other suitable solvents) provided
amenable conditions for their assembly in static or dynamic systems. These conventional
methods have the potential to catalyze new research in the fabrication and assembly of
anisotropic patchy particles with controllable properties for the hierarchical development of self-
assembled micromirrors, biosensors, and photonic crystals as examples.
INTRODUCTION
Colloidal assembly continues to be a central topic across various disciplines of
engineering, chemistry, and biomedical research as well as industrial development due to its
versatility for synthesizing a variety of useful structures such as nanowires, crystallites, and other
highly ordered materials for creating useful structures such as photonic or phononic devices. In
particular, Janus particles are of significant interest and have seen success in the assembly of
ordered chains, clusters, and large-scale crystalline lattices [1-5]. However, these structures
typically contain spherical components, thereby greatly limiting the potential complexity of
achievable architectures. In light of this, we describe a simple approach to generate a variety of
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