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Community-Based Participatory Research as a Tool for
Policy Change: A Case Study of the Southern California
Environmental Justice Collaborative
Dana Petersen
1
SRI International
Meredith Minkler and Victoria Breckwich Vásquez
University of California, Berkeley
Andrea Corage Baden
University of California, San Francisco
Abstract
In 2000, a regional rule governing maximum individual cancer risk from stationary facilities in South-
ern California was dramatically altered, reducing allowable risk levels by 75%. This article uses a case
study approach to explore the role of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership, the
Southern California Environmental Justice Collaborative, in producing research and helping spear-
head policy advocacy leading to this policy change. It also highlights the role of the collaborative in
helping to change the framing of the issue from individual to cumulative risk assessment, so that the
regulatory agencies began to reflect this broader thinking in their policymaking.
The collaborative’s structure and methodology, regional focus, relationships with key decision makers,
and its reputation as an important source of both credible science and “people power” were seen as
contributing to its effectiveness. The role of contextual factors including a recovering and more
regulation-friendly economy also is highlighted, as are key barriers faced. Implications for other
community–academic partnerships working to address regional and statewide public policy are discussed.
Introduction
When former President William J. Clinton signed Executive Order 12898 in
1994, close to a dozen federal agencies were charged with developing policies to
address the disproportionate burden of pollution and other environmental hazards
borne by communities of color and low-income communities in the United States
(Shepard, Northridge, Prakash, & Stover, 2002). The president’s action was in part
a response to environmental advocacy and activism in the United States that has
achieved social movement proportions both in North America and internationally
(Brugge & Hynes, 2005; Corburn, 2005; Shepard et al., 2002).
An important component of the environmental justice movement has been its
emphasis on involving community members in identifying issues in need of inves-
tigation, collaborating in the conduct of the research, and translating research-
based findings into action, including advocacy for policy level change. This
approach, often termed community-based participatory research (CBPR) has
received support from federal agencies including the National Institute for Envi-
ronmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); from philanthropic
organizations (e.g., the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and The California Endowment),
Review of Policy Research, Volume 23, Number 2 (2006)
© 2006 by The Policy Studies Organization. All rights reserved.