Volume 6 • Issue 4 • 1000185
J Biosens Bioelectron
ISSN: 2155-6210 JBSBE, an open access journal
Research Article Open Access
Biosensors & Bioelectronics
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ISSN: 2155-6210
Yang et al., J Biosens Bioelectron 2015, 6:4
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000185
*Corresponding author: Lijun Yang, Microsystem Lab, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu,
China, Tel: +86-025-84315031; E-mail: fulisayang@163.com
Received October 05, 2015; Accepted October 12, 2015; Published October 21,
2015
Citation: Yang L, Lu B, Zhu L, Zhu X (2015) Fabrication of Liquid Molds using
Drop-on-demand Printing Technology for Bio-Pdms Miroluidic Devices. J Biosens
Bioelectron 6: 185. doi:10.4172/2155-6210.1000185
Copyright: © 2015 Yang L, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and
source are credited.
Keywords: Liquid molds; Drop-on-demand printing; Bio-PDMS
microluidic device; Hydrophilic; Overlap
Introduction
In the last few decades, biological microluidic devices have
been attracting considerable interests in the area of biosensors and
bioelectronics due to the characteristics of less consumption of samples,
less analysis time and portability [1]. Recently, there have been many
studies on biosensors and bioelectronics using biological mircoluidic
devices [2,3]. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicon-based polymer, is
oten the preferred material for the prototyping of microluidic devices
as it is easily to be bonded, transparent ,durable, non-luorescent,
biocompatible and nontoxic [4,5]. he most widely used method for
PDMS microluidic device fabrication is sot lithography. However,
the fabrication of master molds is the key step of PDMS microluidic
device preparation with a sot lithography method.
To date, there have been many methods developed to fabricate
master molds in bio-PDMS miroluidic devices such as, UV exposure,
ice-water patterning [6], the etching of copper, liquid molding on
paper [7] and wax printing on paper [8]. However, most of these
methods have some limitations, making the fabrication expensive,
complex and not easy. he UV exposure on photosensitive polymers
needs photomasks and organic solvent [9], and the equipment was
complicated and the fabrication must be carried in an ultra-clean
environment. he etching of copper required masks and additional
etching steps [10], and the solution needed in the fabrication was toxic.
Liu X fabricated PDMS micro-devices with a “liquid-molding” method
[11], but however, the process is complex and diiculty. Because the
method needs to photo-lithographically fabricate micro-patterns on
a silanized glass substrate to form hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces
and to fabricate 3D patterns of a liquid via dip-coating the substrate
in a polar solution. We prepared a PDMS microluidic device based
on drop-on-demand generation of wax molds [12], in which the wax
droplets were dispersed on the substrate to form the wished patterns
at the desired times and positions without contact with the substrate.
However, the surface of the micro-channels in the micofuidic devices
was rough and the width of the channel was large.
In this paper, a new droplet-on-demand printing method [13-15]
was described to fabricate liquid molds which were used in Bio-PDMS
microluidic devices on a hydrophilic glass substrate using a glycerol
solution. he liquid droplets were ejected from a glass micro-nozzle
onto the glass substrate based on microludic pulse interior force to
form diferent liquid molds. Finally, the depth, the width and the
surface roughness of the micro-channel were characterized.
Materials and Method
Glycerol AR was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent
Co., Ltd. Sylgard 184 was supplied by the Dow Corning Corporation.
he TiO
2
nanoparticals(NPs) with the diameter of less than 4 nm was
purchased from Shenzhen jing cai chemi cal co.,ltd. he borosilicate
glass capillary (1.0 mm × 0.6 mm ×100 mm) was purchased from
Beijing Zhengtianyi Scientiic And Trading Co., Ltd. he micro-nozzles
used in this paper was made by a Microelectrode puller (MODEL
P-2000) and a platinum resistance wire (MF-900.NARISHIGE) with
the borosilicate glass capillary to get the outlet inner diameters. Figure
1 shows the fabrication process of the micro-nozzles with the platinum
resistance wire in four steps. Firstly, the glass capillary tip was placed
above the glass micro-ball. hen the glass micro-ball was heated by
controlling the voltage and the tip was cut of at the desired position.
Aterward, the tip was placed in front of the glass micro-ball. At last,
the tip was forged to form a micro-nozzle by heating the micro-ball
through controlling the voltage.
In the DOD printing system, as is shown in Figure 2, a glass micro-
nozzle illed with the 50% glycerol solution is ixed with the PZT
actuator through a connecting device. he liquid in the micro-nozzles
was jetted on the glass substrate to form liquid droplets with diferent
diameters by the pulse inertia force supplied by a PZT actuator. he
glass substrates used in this paper were hydrophilic treated by TiO
2
Fabrication of Liquid Molds using Drop-on-demand Printing Technology
for Bio-Pdms Mirofluidic Devices
Lijun Yang*, Baochun Lu, Li Zhu, and Xiaoyang Zhu
Microsystem Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Abstract
A simple and easy method is demonstrated for the fabrication of liquid molds which was used for the fabricaion
of bio-polydimethylsiloxan (Bio-PDMS) miroluidic devices based on a novel drop-on-demand (DOD) printing
technology. The liquid molds were DOD printed well on the hydrophilic glass substrate which was treated with a
TiO
2
nanoparticles (TiO
2
NPs) solution at the overlap of 30%. Then the PDMS concave molds were fabricated well
by being replicated from the liquid molds and were bonded with another PDMS substrate to form a Bio-PMDS
miroluidic device. The micro-channel which the width and the height were about 100 μm and 8 μm was fabricated
and the surface roughness of the micro-channel with the 100×320 μm
2
area was about 179 nm measured by a white
light interferometer. The experimental results showed that the width of micro-channel in the Bio-PDMS microluidic
device was small and the surface of the micro-channel was smooth.