111 ȼȿɋɌɇɂɄ ȼȽɍ . ɋȿɊɂə: ɂɋɌɈɊɂə. ɉɈɅɂɌɈɅɈȽɂə. ɋɈɐɂɈɅɈȽɂə. 2017. № 2 ɍȾɄ 903.25:391(47) ɅȺɌȿɇɋɄȺə ɎɂȻɍɅȺ ɂɁ ɌɈɄɆȺɁȿɂ ȼ. ɋ. ɋɢɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɢɞɧɟɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɍ . Ƚ . Шɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 30 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2017 ɝ . Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ: ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɬɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɛɭɥɚ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɭ ɫ. Ɍɨɤɦɚɡɟɹ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ Ⱦɧɟɫɬɪɚ. ȿɟ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡ ɫɤɢɮɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ III–II ɜɜ. ɞɨ ɧ. ɷ. ɭ ɫ. Ƚɥɢɧɨɟ ɋɥɨɛɨɞɡɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɚɦɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶɸ II ɜ. ɞɨ ɧ. ɷ. ɗɬɨɬ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɥɚɬɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ «ɥɚɬɟɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ» ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ȼɨɫ- ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɫɤɢɮɨɜ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɉɨɞɧɟɫɬɪɨɜɶɹ III–II ɜɜ. ɞɨ ɧ. ɷ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɥɚɬɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɛɭɥɚ, ɫɤɢɮɵ, ɇɢɠɧɟɟ ɉɨɞɧɟɫɬɪɨɜɶɟ, III–II ɜɜ. ɞɨ ɧ. ɷ. Abstract: the article is published and analysed La Tène fibula, found near Tokmazeya village, Grigoriopol district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. Its nearest analogy were found in the Scythian cemetery of the III rd –II nd centuries BC near Glinoe, Slobodzeya district, while the item itself dates back to the first quarter of the IInd century BC. This artefact demonstrates the influence of La Tène cultures of Eastern European on the material culture of the Scythians of the Lower Dniester Region in III rd –II nd centuries BC. Key words: La-Ten Fibula, Scythians, Lower Dniester Region, III rd –II nd centuries BC. © ɋɢɧɢɤɚ ȼ. ɋ., 2017 ȼ 2016 ɝ . ɜ ɮɨɧɞɵ Ɇɭɡɟɹ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɉɪɢɞɧɟ- ɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ. Ɍ . Ƚ . ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɨɤ, ɫɨ- ɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ Ⱥ. ȼ. ɇɨɫɚɱɟɦ ɢ Ⱥ. ȼ. Ƚɭɰɭɥɨɦ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɫ. Ɍɨɤ- ɦɚɡɟɹ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɇɢɠɧɟɝɨ Ⱦɧɟɫɬɪɚ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ: ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ; ɛɪɨɧ- ɡɨɜɚɹ ɛɭɥɚɜɤɚ, ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɨɬɚ, ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɟ ɧɚɜɟɪɲɢɟ ɦɟɱɚ- ɤɢɧɠɚɥɚ (?) ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ; ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɥɟɩɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɤɢɮɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ; ɫɤɢɮɫɤɢɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢ- ɤɢ ɫɬɪɟɥ, ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɚɹ ɛɥɹɲɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɭɡɞɵ ɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɟɪɶɝɚ (VII–IV ɜɜ. ɞɨ ɧ. ɷ.); ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ 12 ɪɢɦɫɤɢɯ ɚɦɮɨɪ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɱɟɪɧɹɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ; ɞɜɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɹɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɹɠɤɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨ- ɜɶɹ ɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɢɡɚɧɬɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɦɮɨɪɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢ- ɫɬɚɦɢ-ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭ- ɠɟɧɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪ. Ⱦɧɟɫɬɪ (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɩɚɥ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 50 ɥɟɬ), ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɨɦɤɟ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫ- ɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɪɧɹɯɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɭ ȼ. ə. ɋɨɪɨɤɢɧɵɦ ɜ 1982 ɝ . ɜ 1 ɤɦ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɫ. Ɍɨɤ- ɦɚɡɟɹ [1, c. 14], ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɜ 1,8 ɤɦ ɤ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɹɜɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤ- ɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɪ. Ⱦɧɟɫɬɪ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ Ɍɨɤɦɚɡɟɹ-II. ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɛɭɥɵ, ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ. Ȼɪɨɧɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɥɚɬɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɛɭɥɚ. ɉɪɭɠɢɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɜɢɬɤɨɜɚɹ , ɫ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɟɬɢɜɨɣ. ɉɨɞɨɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɭɝɨɜɢɞɧɚɹ ɫɩɢɧɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɩɥɨɳɟɧɚ ɞɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɝɪɚɧɧɢɤɚ, ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ. ɇɨɠɤɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɢɧ- ɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ «ɜɨɫɶɦɟɪɨɤ», ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɬɟɬɢɜɟ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɵ. ɉɪɨɜɨɥɨɱɤɚ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɜɲɚɹ «ɜɨɫɶɦɟɪɤɢ» ɫ ɬɟɬɢɜɨɣ, ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɚ [2, ɫ. 108, ɤɚɬ . 188]. ɋɩɢɧɤɚ ɮɢɛɭɥɵ ɨɪɧɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɟɱɤɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɫɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ, ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɨɪɧɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ- ɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 1,5 ɦɦ, ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɩɢɧɤɢ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɢɝɥɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɫɭɠɚɸɬɫɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ, ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɫɬɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɪɵɛɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɢɡ ɦɟɥɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɟɱɤɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨ ɫɩɢɧɤɟ ɮɢɛɭɥɵ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɩɢɧɤɢ, ɞɜɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ – ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɢɝɥɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɭ . Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɦɢ ɧɚɯɨ- ɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɜɚ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɦɢ ɤ ɜɟɪɯɭ ɫɩɢɧɤɢ ɮɢɛɭɥɵ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɦɢ ɤɨɫɨɣ ɧɚɫɟɱɤɢ. ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɩɨ- ɥɨɫɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ, ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɢɝɥɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɭ , ɨɬɫɟɤɚɹ «ɯɜɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ» ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ «ɪɵɛɵ». Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɮɢɛɭɥɵ 68,5 ɦɦ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ 21,5 ɦɦ; ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɫɩɢɧɤɢ 8 ɦɦ, ɬɨɥɳɢ- ɧɚ 1 ɦɦ; ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɵ 12 ɦɦ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ 6 ɦɦ; ɲɢɪɢɧɚ «ɜɨɫɶɦɟɪɨɤ» 6–8 ɦɦ; ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɝɥɵ 1,5–2 ɦɦ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ, 1, 2).