“Oh, of Course I’m Going to Go to College”: Understanding How Habitus
Shapes the College Choice Process of Black Immigrant Students
Kimberly Griffin, Wilfredo del Pilar, Kadian McIntosh, and Autumn Griffin
Pennsylvania State University
Black students from immigrant backgrounds are a growing population in higher
education. However, there is little research exploring their experiences as they make
decisions about whether and where they will attend college. This qualitative study of 23
Black immigrants attending a public, selective research university explores how indi-
vidual habitus, or worldview, shapes the predisposition, search, and institutional choice
phases of college choice. Findings suggest participants’ habitus is strongly influenced
by culture, prestige, and the value parents place on education. These forces pervade the
college choice process, establishing students’ decisions to attend college early in their
lives, as well as the emphasis placed on balancing prestige with financial accessibility
in the search and institutional choice processes.
Keywords: access, immigrants, college choice, Black students, habitus
The population of immigrants in the United
States has grown exponentially since the 1970s,
rising from 9.6 million to over 26.3 million in
1997 (U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Service,
1999) and continuing to increase 57% between
1990 and 2000 (Erisman & Looney, 2007). In
2005, most immigrants to the United States
were Hispanic/Latinos (47%) and Asian/Pacific
Islanders (24%) (Erisman & Looney, 2007),
and these groups have been the focus of re-
search and public discourse about the immi-
grant experience in higher education. However,
it is important to note that 8% of the immigrant
population identifies as Black, and Black immi-
grants from Africa and the Caribbean represent
a growing proportion of the immigrant and
Black communities in the United States (Eris-
man & Looney, 2007; Kent, 2007). Roughly
one fifth of the growth in the Black community
between 2000 and 2005 can be attributed to
immigration, and approximately 13% of all col-
lege-age Blacks in the United States are the
children of African or Caribbean/West Indian
immigrants (referred to as second-generation
Black immigrants) or are immigrants them-
selves (referred to as first-generation Black im-
migrants) (Kent, 2007).
As the Black immigrant population grows
and increasingly seeks access to U.S. colleges
and universities, education leaders and policy-
makers must become more aware of how these
students are making decisions about attending
college. Although some scholars argue that so-
cioeconomic status, parental value of and em-
phasis on education, and academic preparation
make Black immigrants more likely than their
peers to gain access to higher education (e.g.,
Bennett & Lutz, 2009; Massey, Mooney, Tor-
res, & Charles, 2007), others note stark differ-
ences in rates of college access for Black stu-
dents from immigrant backgrounds on the basis
of citizenship status, nation of origin, and time
of migration (e.g., Erisman & Looney, 2007).
Further, much like their U.S. counterparts, fi-
nancial need and a lack of college preparatory
information can present challenges as Black
immigrant students seek to engage in the col-
lege choice process (Erisman & Looney, 2007).
Despite these challenges, we were unable to
identify work that has explored the ways in
which Black immigrant students perceive and
experience college choice, nor whether and how
individual-level factors, particularly cultural
and immigrant background, influence this pro-
cess. To address this gap in the literature and
This article was published Online First May 7, 2012.
Kimberly Griffin, Wilfredo del Pilar, Kadian McIntosh,
and Autumn Griffin, Department of Education Policy Stud-
ies, College of Education, Pennsylvania State University.
Correspondence concerning this article should be ad-
dressed to Kimberly A. Griffin, The Center for the Study
of Higher Education, 400 Rackley Building, University
Park, PA 16802-3203. E-mail: kimberly.griffin@psu.edu
Journal of Diversity in Higher Education © 2012 National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education
2012, Vol. 5, No. 2, 96 –111 1938-8926/12/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0028393
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