Phytotaxa 275 (3): 228–242 http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) 228 Accepted by Lorenzo Peruzzi: 30 Aug. 2016; published: 21 Sept. 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.275.3.2 Allium urusakiorum (Amaryllidaceae), a new member of the Balkan clade of the section Oreiprason from European Turkey MINE KOÇYIĞIT 1 , ALEXEY P. SEREGIN 2* , NERIMAN ÖZHATAY 1 & NIKOLAI FRIESEN 3 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey; e-mail: minekocyigit@hotmail.com, nozhatay@istanbul.edu.tr 2 Herbarium (MW), Department of Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; e-mail: botanik.seregin@gmail.com 3 Botanical Garden, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; e-mail: nikolai.friesen@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de *author for correspondence Abstract The taxonomy of the Allium saxatile group (sect. Oreiprason) has been studied recently upon morphological and molecular data. New specimens collected from the European part of Turkey near the Istranca Mountains and identified as ‘A. saxa- tile’ proved to be a new species confirmed by sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two plastid DNA regions (rpl32–trnL and trnL–trnF) and supported by morphological characters. Allium urusakiorum, a new species from the A. saxatile group, is described here through living and herbarium specimens. It is the only species of the sect. Oreiprason in the country and seems to be an endemic species of the Turkish flora. Characteristics of the species include morphological description, identification key, molecular dataset, and karyotype (2n = 16). Key words: Allium subgen. Polyprason, taxonomy Introduction Seregin et al. (2015) recently published a large molecular and morphological revision of the Allium saxatile Marschall von Bieberstein (1798: 114) species complex. Allium saxatile is the type species of A. sect. Oreiprason Hermann (1939: 57) from the subgenus Polyprason Radić (1990: 250, 253) as specified by Friesen et al. (2006). In order to finally revise the whole section, Seregin & Friesen (2015) performed additional molecular samplings of many poorly known Central Asian species; the results of this study led to their complete transfer to A. sect. Falcatifolia N.Friesen in Friesen et al. (2006: 390). Accessions of A. tianschanicum Ruprecht (1869: 33), another Central Asian species formerly assigned to A. sect. Oreiprason, formed a separate clade out of the A. saxatile group (Seregin & Friesen 2015). Thereby, recent studies show that A. sect. Oreiprason in its current circumscription should include 15 species, i.e. only the A. saxatile species complex revised earlier (Seregin et al. 2015). Özhatay et al. (2012) reported ‘A. saxatile’ from Turkey-in-Europe. This record was supported with high-quality photographs showing white-flowered plants with long filaments of apparently unknown identity. As Seregin et al. (2015) did not study Turkish material, we present in this paper the results of molecular, morphological and karyological analysis of the Turkish plants which appear to be a species new to science. Materials and methods Taxon sampling for molecular analysis:—The Turkish plants were sampled from two close localities (isolates ## Gl- 115, Gl-116). To infer their phylogenetic relationships within the European clade of A. sect. Oreiprason, we employed 28 samples for 12 related taxa published earlier (Seregin et al. 2015): A. austrodanubiense N.Friesen & Seregin in Seregin et al. (2015: 89), A. horvatii Lovrić (1972: 569), A. marschallianum Vvedensky (1935: 184), A. psebaicum Mikheev (2004: 96), A. rubriflorum (Adamović 1908: 200) Anačkov, N.Friesen & Seregin in Seregin et al. (2015: 90),