1 From Integration through Law to Governance: Has the Course of European Integration Changed? Renaud Dehousse, Laurie Boussaguet & Sophie Jacquot «Integration through Law», the theme of a well-known book series published in the early 1980es by the European University Institute (Cappelletti, Sec- combe, Weiler, 1984), was an apt description of what the integration process was about for decades: the adoption of rules gradually bringing together “an ever closer union between the peoples of Europe”. That process had its own set of problems, both analytical – how does one explain the alternation of stops and goes in the journey towards integration? – and normative – what is the legitimacy of judicial policy-making? Hjalte Rasmussen has been one of the first scholars to address those issues, which have remained central in Eu- ropean studies, and to import into legal scholarship critical frames of analysis borrowed from political science. Today’s situation is different. Since the mid 1990s, European governance has evolved substantially, particularly in the direction of fewer constraints: flexibility, coordination, peer monitoring, and soft law have become fashio- nable themes. The literature on “new modes of governance” (NMGs) has flourished alongside these transformations 1 . Some authors have referred to a “governance turn” in European studies (Kohler-Koch and Rittberger, 2006). The analysis of the nature, significance and impact of this “new” governance has indeed created a scholarly movement in its own right (with its “stars”, a specific language, quasi-specialised reviews, a multiplication of large-scale research programs, etc.). NMGs are defined, more or less implicitly, in oppo- sition to the classical ‘Community Method’. Despite occasional doubts regar- 1 See the literature review in Kohler-Koch and Rittberger (2006); Bähr, Falkner, Treib (2005), Olsen (2008), Eberlin, B. and Kerwer, D. (2002), Tömmel, I. and Verdun, A. (eds.) (2009).