International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1955 DETECTION OF POWER GRID SYNCHRONIZATION FAILURE ON SENSING FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE BEYOND ACCEPTABLE RANGE AND LOAD PROTECTION 1 B.Naga Sarvani, 2 B.Vineela Thulasi, 3 K.Rahul , 4 K.Satish Kumar, 5 V.D.Sekhara Varma 1,2,3,4,5 Student, Dept. Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, AP, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – This paper presents the design of a system to detect the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage and thereby protecting the load. There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as hydra, thermal, solar etc., to supply power to the load. These generating units need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. If any deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid, it is mandatory that the same feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So, it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure. This system is based on Arduino Uno microcontroller. The microcontroller monitors the under/over voltage being derived from a set of comparators and a standard Arduino is used to vary the input voltage to test the functioning of the paper. A lamp load (indicating a predictable blackout, brownout) being driven from the microcontroller in case of voltage/frequency going out of acceptable range. GPS and GSM technologies are used to indicate the fault location. Key Words: Synchronization, Power Grid, Black Out, Bridge Rectifier, GSM Modem, Arduino UNO, Relay, LCD. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Synchronization Detection of Failures Power grids are vast complex networks that make up a large part of an infrastructure. Many precautions are taken, and operators hired to maintain reliability, however three fourths of power outages are caused by operator errors. These errors can be avoided by automatic adjustments based on models of the grid system. The model explored is ensuring generator synchronization within the system. Finally, not only will the grid not have destructive interference, constructive interference will occur which increases the total power the grid can produce which optimizes the grid. The objective of this paper is to detect the failure of synchronization in power grid. This is a demonstration devised to provide such kind of a system that could detect the failure in synchronous working of the power grid in case any external supply source that is supplying to the grid is encountering any kind of abnormalities may be in frequency and voltage levels. This detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range could be used in that power houses where different supply sources are connected parallel together to fulfill the energy demand. This system could be used in home automation system, where the consumer has different energy sources such as solar or wind energy. By using this system, the consumer load could be automatically shifted to another source of energy. 1.2 Power Grid Synchronization Synchronization means the minimization of difference in voltage, frequency and phase angle between the corresponding phases of the generator output and grid supply This system is more compact and reliable as compared to the manual system. This system is less expensive as compared to the other systems The necessity for synchronizing and parallel generator operation is often based on the following:  The rated generating capacity of an existing system has been exceeded by new load demands.  Enhanced reliability (multiple generating vs. single unit generating) is to be considered.  Operating efficiency of generator sets is a valid concern. Conditions of synchronization are Voltage fluctuation, Voltage magnitude, Phase sequence, Frequency, Phases. Synchronization Limits are 1. Phase angle- +/-20 degrees 2. Maximum voltage difference – 7%