https://doi.org/10.1177/1536600617720760 Journal of Historical Research in Music Education 1–21 © The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1536600617720760 journals.sagepub.com/home/jhr Original Article Influences of Segregation and Integration on the Bands at Historically Black High Schools in Duval County, Florida Timothy J. Groulx 1 Abstract Segregated schooling in Florida was initially a concession to gain public acceptance of free public education. Its effects can be seen in the band programs of many high school bands. This study looks at the effects of segregation and integration on bands at black high schools in Jacksonville, Florida (Duval County Public Schools). Much of the story echoes the history of Tampa’s desegregation, though Duval County’s age, location, demographics, and politics helped shape a different story. The story of the bands’ origins highlights some noteworthy directors, including the distinguished Kernaa D. McFarlin of the Stanton High School band. This study describes how the Stanton band would shatter prejudices about black schools by becoming the first black high school band to earn a Superior rating at state in a newly integrated Florida Bandmasters Association in 1966. Lawsuits compelled the district to integrate, though traditions and prejudices led to massive white flight from the public schools which continues today. The black student population became the majority demographic in 2006, and musical traditions reflecting those at many Historically Black Colleges and Universities are now the “tradition” at many formerly all-white high schools. Keywords band, instructional area, segregation, integration, black, Florida, Duval, Jacksonville 1 University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA Corresponding Author: Timothy J. Groulx, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, USA. Email: Timothy.groulx@unf.edu 720760JHR XX X 10.1177/1536600617720760Journal of Historical Research in Music EducationGroulx research-article 2017