Citation: Solanki J, Patel R, Jagani DC, Raval D, Yasobant S and Saxena D. Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) Induced
Polyneuropathy: Case Series from Dehgam, Gujarat, India. Austin J Public Health Epidemiol. 2017; 4(1): 1057.
Austin J Public Health Epidemiol - Volume 4 Issue 1 - 2017
ISSN : 2381-9014 | www.austinpublishinggroup.com
Solanki et al. © All rights are reserved
Austin Journal of Public Health and
Epidemiology
Open Access
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of polyneuropathy in the general population has
been estimated to be 2.1% globally, with gigantic morbidities. One of the rare
predictor is an organo-phosphate compound called Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP).
In India, TCP exposure happens through traditional food preservation practices
(i.e. Castro Oil with Wheat). Thus, this study aims to document the incidence of
polyneuropathy and it’s underneath factors in one of the block of Gujarat, India.
Methodology: After reporting of irst case (July 2015) of Polyneuropathy,
a snow ball sampling was adapted to identify the other possible affected
families within 20 km of geographical radius in Dehgam. Followed which, active
surveillance was conducted to identify all potential cases through house-to-
house investigation. Identiied cases were investigated clinically and history of
consumption was collected, followed by investigation of food samples.
Results: Until May 2016, about 50 cases were identiied from 13 families of
Dehgam block. Most of them complained about peripheral muscular pain along
with immobility since last 2 months. The differential diagnosis report indicated
no such identiiable predictors; hence food investigation was conducted. It has
been found that most of them have TCP in their food, presented in the form of
Castor Oil. The epidemiological distribution indicates that there were 27 males &
23 females with mean age of 34.5±18.8, 34.8±19.5 years respectively.
Conclusion: This is unique kind of surveillance study where an inherent
predictor of Polyneuropathy has been identiied through community survey.
In addition to this, TCP in food, a rare compound identiied in this study need
further investigations. There is an urgent need to develop a monitoring strategy
along with appropriate IEC for reducing further burden.
Keywords: Polyneuropathy; Tricresyl phosphate; Surveillance; India
which crippled as many as 50,000 in the U.S.A. in the 1930s [5]. Since
then several other epidemics have occurred elsewhere, the outbreaks
in Morocco [6], Durban [7] including in India Bombay [8] & Calcutta
[9], being some of the better known. In most instances poisoning
occurred ater consumption of edible oils accidentally contaminated
or adulterated with mineral oils containing TCP. Because TCP is a
widely used industrial chemical and is found in organic solvents and
lubricating oils, it has always been a likely contaminant of food.
herefore, this case series aims to document the incidence of TCP
induced polyneuropathy and it’s underneath factors in one of the
block of Gujarat, India.
Methods
his case series [10] represents an observational study that
reports on data from group of diagnosed polyneuropathy subject
group without a comparison population. Ater reporting of irst case
(July 2015) of Polyneuropathy in one block (Dehgam) of Gujarat, a
snow ball sampling was adapted to identify the other possible afected
families within 20 km of geographical radius in Dehgam. Followed
which, active surveillance was conducted to identify all potential
cases through house-to-house investigation. Identiied cases were
investigated clinically and history of food consumption was collected,
Introduction
Polyneuropathy is a peripheral neuropathy characterized by
symmetrical sensory symptoms, such as numbness, paresthesia and
pain, and muscle weakness, which are predominantly located in the
distal parts of arms and legs. Polyneuropathy is a disabling disease and
has a negative impact on a person’s quality of life [1]. Although it is
assumed that polyneuropathy afects a considerable proportion of the
population, the exact prevalence and incidence of the disease are not
well known [2]. Crude point prevalence of polyneuropathy in studies
using this, or a similar protocol, ranged from 0.8 to 32.5 per 1000
(0.1–3.3 %) persons across all ages [2,3]. Several diseases and factors
have been associated with polyneuropathy. Since polyneuropathy
probably is a multifactorial disease, it is not entirely appropriate to
attribute the development of polyneuropathy to only one factor.
hese factors should be considered as component causes, and not as
one suicient cause. Except diabetes and alcohol abuse; other known
important causes of polyneuropathy include toxic agents, such as
chemotherapeutic drugs, nutritional deiciencies, immune-mediated
causes and hereditary factors [4].
Neurotoxic efects of Tri-Cresyl Phosphates (TCP) have been well
recognized since the dramatic outbreak of “Ginger Jake Paralysis”
Rapid Communication
Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) Induced Polyneuropathy: Case
Series from Dehgam, Gujarat, India
Solanki J
1
*, Patel R
1
, Jagani DC
1
, Raval D
1
,
Yasobant S
2
and Saxena D
2
1
Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of
Gujarat, India
2
Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public
Health Gandhinagar, India
*Corresponding author: Solanki J, Department of
Health & Family Welfare, Government of Gujarat, India
Received: January 02, 2017; Accepted: March 17,
2017; Published: March 27, 2017