Demonstration of Contention Resolution for Labeled
Packets at 40 Gb/s Using Autonomous Optical Buffers
John P. Mack, Henrik N. Poulsen, Emily F. Burmeister, Biljana Stamenic,
Geza Kurczveil, John E. Bowers, and Daniel J. Blumenthal
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara
jmack@ece.ucsb.edu
Abstract: Contention resolution of labeled optical packets is demonstrated utilizing two
packaged optical buffers. Forwarding and buffering decisions are autonomously
determined for 40 Gb/s payloads from 10 Gb/s labels with greater than 99.9% packet
recovery demonstrated.
©2009 Optical Society of America
OCIS codes: (060.1810) Buffers, couplers, routers, switches, and multiplexers; (230.4480) Optical amplifiers
1. Introduction
Optical packet switching provides a means of communication that is high bit rate, transparent, and scalable
[1]. In label switched optical packet switching, forwarding information and data are separated into lower
bit rate headers and high bit rate payloads [2]. This allows for the use of low frequency electronics for
processing headers and payload envelope information while transparently forwarding high bit-rate payloads
optically at low switching speeds. The use of low speed electronics and the further integration of photonic
devices could reduce power and footprint concerns of scaling high bit rate data routers. Optical packet
switches must operate asynchronously and autonomously making optical buffering a necessary
functionality for contention resolution to avoid temporal collisions of packets simultaneously destined for
the same output port [3, 4].
A flexible and scalable buffer has been proposed and buffering has been demonstrated for 10 Gb/s
payloads using commercially available semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) [5]. Buffering of 40 Gb/s
payloads has been shown previously utilizing an integrated 2x2 InP switch matrix with fiber delay lines [6].
Two-port contention resolution of 40 Gb/s payloads has been shown with multiple photonic chip optical
buffers that consist of an integrated InP switch matrix coupled to a silica-on-silicon waveguide delay line
[7]. Destination information was pre-determined for buffering decisions in the referenced experiments.
However, optical packet switches require real-time lookup of headers to determine how and where to
forward packets. We demonstrate for the first time, optical packet buffering utilizing packaged compact
InP switches with fiber delay lines that erase 10 Gb/s headers and re-circulate 40 Gb/s payloads for
contention resolution. Buffering and forwarding decisions are made autonomously based on output
destinations extracted from lower bit rate headers and envelopes of high bit rate payloads.
2. Principle of Operation
The basis of optical buffering and electronic lookup for a 2x2 optical data router is shown in Fig. 1. Input
optical packets consist of 10 Gb/s headers, 40 Gb/s payloads, and guard bands. The optical headers contain
a label field that indicates the output port. The packet stream is optically tapped and the data enters a
clock/data recovery circuit (CDR) and payload envelope detector (PED). Recovered headers and envelopes
are sent to an electronic channel processor (ECP) to determine the output port destination of the payloads
based on the optical label and to provide a precise time reference for the payloads. The ECPs then forward
the recovered payload envelopes as output port requests to a central arbiter for electronic lookup. The
arbiter uses a lookup table to determine contention and buffer control by comparing port requests and
buffer queue signals. Based on the lookup table, the arbiter generates buffer SOA control signals which
pass a packet through, load a packet into the buffer, re-circulate a packet in the buffer, or unload a packet
from the buffer. The SOA control signals are then sent to the corresponding ECPs which forward the
gating signals to the buffers. The buffers consist of packaged 2x2 InP switches driven by current DACs
and RF opamp circuits. The fiber delay line includes an attenuator, band pass filter and polarization
controller as shown in Fig. 2. The buffers erase labels by turning SOAs off before the payloads and gating
the payloads for buffering. Thereby contention resolution through the use of optical buffering is
demonstrated autonomously by using label and payload envelope information along with buffer queue
signals. Payloads would then be forwarded via wavelength conversion and a new header written.
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