CHAPTER I The Problem and its Background SPRCNHS in Changing Times: The Transion of School Sengs from Builders to Millennials INTRODUCTION Educaon in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Educaon (DepEd), Commission on Higher Educaon (CHED) and Technical Educaon and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic educaon; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulaon over private schools, and it also enforces the naonal curriculum that has been put in place since 2013. CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher educaon; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universies and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocaonal educaon instuons and programs in the country. From 1945 to 2011, basic educaon took ten years to complete—six years of elementary educaon and four years of high school educaon for children aged six up to fiſteen. However, aſter the implementaon of the K–12 Program of DepEd and subsequent raficaon of Kindergarten Educaon Act of 2012 and Enhanced Basic Educaon Act of 2013, the basic educaon today takes thirteen years to complete—one year of kindergarten, six years of elementary educaon, four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school for children aged five up to seventeen. As of 2017, the implementaon of Grade 12 has started. Restructuring the Philippines’s basic educaonal system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but strategic move by the government to ensure that it produces competent graduates who can serve as the backbone for a highly skilled