241 M.D. Maltz and S.K. Rice (eds.), Envisioning Criminology: Researchers on Research as a Process
of Discovery, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15868-6_26, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Like so many others, I fell into a “life of crime” by
accident. An electrical engineer by training, my
first post-postdoc job was with an engineering
consulting firm, where I was engaged in doing
operations research, mostly for the US Navy.
While I was there, in the late 1960s, the firm was
commissioned to develop a new management
information system for the Boston Police
Department, and I was assigned to work on
improving the BPD’s communications system.
As the project wound down, I was approached
by the federal agency sponsoring the work, the
US Justice Department’s Office of Law
Enforcement Assistance (the predecessor twice
removed from the Office of Justice Programs), to
see if I would take a 2-year leave of absence and
help put together the newly formed National
Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal
Justice (now NIJ). When I broached the subject to
my firm, they said that I could only take a 1-year
leave, which I thought would be inadequate: from
my experience in dealing with the Navy, I knew
that it takes a year to learn your way around the
bureaucracy and little time to make any progress.
So I quit and instead moved to Washington for
what turned out to be a 3-year stint at NIJ.
But I had a bit of difficulty in dealing with the
way research was done in the softer areas of crimi-
nal justice research. In fact, when I first became
interested in studying crime and criminal justice, I
was struck by the fact that most of the research in
the field relied almost exclusively on numerical and
statistical techniques to analyze data, with the holy
“ p < 0.05” criterion being the sought-after standard
of success; graphical analyses of data were few and
far between (and its practice was dismissively
called “data dredging”). You were supposed to pro-
pound a theory and test the data to see if it passed
the ultimate test of “statistical significance”: I had
to learn just what it meant, since I had never taken
any statistics course (just one on probability the-
ory), let alone one that focused on social science.
As an undergraduate student in engineering, I
was continually dealing with data that we had to
present using graphs. We spent a great deal of
time in the lab collecting data. Whether it was
adding weight to a spring and measuring how
much it stretched as a function of weight, or mea-
suring the time it took for an object to fall differ-
ent distances, or changing the voltage on the gate
of a transistor and measuring how much the out-
put voltage changed—all of these data collection
exercises were followed by graphing the data.
These as well as any of a hundred other examples
imbued in me and my fellow students the value
M.D. Maltz (*)
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
e-mail: maltzmd@gmail.com
Sometimes Pictures Tell the Story
Michael D. Maltz
maltzmd@gmail.com