242 P. A. Barter 23. Sharp I (2005) The journey: Singapore's Land Transport Story. SNP Editions.for the Land Transport Authority, Singapore 24. Singapore Department of Statistics (2012). Hausehold Expenditure Survey 1997/98-2007/08. http://www. singstat.gov. sg/stats/themes/peoplelhhldincome.htm 25. Singapore Traffic Police (2010). TP Annual 2010. http://www.spf.gov.sg/prints/tp_ annual/2010/index_tp_10.htm 26. Svensson A, Marshall S (2007) Arterial streets: Towards an Integrated Approach. In: Marshall S, BarristerD (eds), Land Use and Transport, Elsevier, pp 22-292 27. The Straits Times Singapore (2 July 2010). 75% of Singapore Motorists Admit to Speeding: Survey. The Straits Times Singapore. http://motoring.asiaone.com/Motoring/News/Story/ A1Story20100702-224976.html 28. Toh R, Phang S (1997) Curbing Urban Traffic Congestion in Singapore: A Comprehensive Review. Transp J 37(2):24-33 29. Willoughby C (2000) Singapore's experience in Managing Motorization, and its Relevance to Other Countries. Discussion Paper TWU-43. The World Bank. Washington http://www. worldbank.org. transport/publicat/twu_43. pdf Chapter 13 Perspectives on Mobility Cultures in Megacities Gebhard Wulfhorst, Jeff Kenworthy, Sven Kesselring and Martin Lanzendorf Abstract Megacities are facing multiple challenges in urban mobility, linked to energy scarcity and climate change, unprecedented urbanisation and suburbanisation, as weil as local issues of social and spatial inequalities, traffic impacts on health, severe congestion, conflicts over urban space and complex regional governance tasks. This chapter explores how megacities can address these issues to create weil.:. functioning mobility systems, while simultaneously enhancing their liveability, eco- nomic performance and sustainability. Every city is unique and complex, so there is no one simple solution. It is argued here, however, that the mobility culture concept helps us to navigate a path through this complexity and find suitable mobility solu- tions in each city. Some key outcomes of the mobility culture research and workshop exchanges are discussed in terms of local policies for challenges, urban structure and transport supply, the critical value of urban space, travel demand management and creative processes in urban mobility development. Appropriate local strategies have tobe developed by communities in a bottom-up and top-down approach. Introduction Megacities around the world are evolving in many different contexts. Some of the·. key characteristics of these cities have already been identified in the study of the fellowship programme on megacity mobility culture (see "Chap. 3'.':' G. Wulfhorst ([SJ) Chair of urban structure and transport planning, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany e-mail: gebhard.wulfhorst@tum.de J. Kenworthy Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute (CUSP), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia S. Kesselring Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany J. Kenworthy · M. Lanzendorf Goethe University Frankfurt a.M., Frankfurt, Germany Institute for Mobility Research (ifmo) (ed.), Megacity Mobility Culture, 243 Lecture Notes in Mobility, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-34735-1_13, ©Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013