MATLAB Simulation Comparison for Different Adaptive Noise Cancelation
Algorithms
Mostafa Guda, Safa Gasser and Mohamed S. El Mahallawy
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt
mostafa.guda@hotmail.com, safagasser@aast.edu, mahallawy@aast.edu
ABSTRACT
Electrocardiographic (ECG) signal can be
contaminated by diverse forms of noise: baseline
wander, 60 Hz power line interference, muscle
noise, and motion artifact. 60Hz power line
interference can be cancelled using two different
approaches; an adaptive filter or notch filters. The
adaptive filter essentially minimizes the mean-
squared error between a primary input, which is the
noisy ECG, and a reference input, which is either
noise that is correlated in some way with the noise
in the primary input or a signal that is correlated
only with ECG in the primary input. In this paper
we present a MATLAB simulation comparison
between different adaptive filter algorithms; Least
Mean Square (LMS), Normalised LMS (NLMS),
Variable Step size LMS (VSLMS), Recursive Least
Square (RLS) and Blind LMS. The comparison is
carried out in terms of both, MSE and the algorithm
convergence rate.
KEYWORDS
ECG;ANC;LMS;NLMS;VSLMS;RLS;MSE;Blind
LMS
1 Introduction
The Electrocardiographic (ECG) signal is the
physical interpretation of the electrical behavior
created by the heart muscles. This electrical
activity of the heart is captured over time by an
external electrode attached to the skin and
recorded by a device external to the body. The
ECG signal frequency ranges from 0.5 to 100
Hz [1].
The ECG signal is normally corrupted with
two major types of noise generated by
biological and environmental resources. The
first type includes muscle contraction,
electromyographic (EMG) interference,
baseline drift, ECG amplitude modulation due
to respiration, and motion artefacts caused by
changes in the electrode-skin impedance with
electrode motion. The second type includes
power line interference, electrode contact noise,
instrumentation noise generated by electronic
devices used in signal processing,
electrosurgical noise, and radio-frequency
[2],[3]. One common type of noise that occurs
during ECG collection is power line
interference of 60Hz.
ECG noise cancellation has long puzzled the
research community. There has been a
tremendous amount of research on how to
cancel noise in an ECG signal.
In [4] the authors used an Adaptive Noise
Canceller (ANC) using the Least Mean Square
(LMS) algorithm. The LMS algorithm was
devised by Widrow and Hoff in 1959. The
advantage of using the algorithm in [4] is its
low computational complexity, while it lacks
the high convergence speed due to its fixed step
size.
The authors in [5], [6] introduced another ANC
based on the Normalized LMS (NLMS)
algorithm. This algorithm has a higher
convergence rate than the algorithm used in [4].
The NLMS algorithm is also based on a fixed
step size as the LMS.
In [7] the Variable Step size LMS was
simulated. This algorithm has better estimation
ability but it also has high computational
complexity compared to the algorithms used in
[4], [5] and [6].
ISBN:978-0-9891305-6-1 ©2014 SDIWC 68