Cognitive Costs of Encoding Novel Natural Activities: Can “Learning by Doing” Be Distracting and Deceptive? Rul von Stülpnagel, Universität Freiburg Janette C. Schult, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Claudia Richter, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena & Melanie C. Steffens, University of Koblenz-Landau Running head: Cognitive Costs of Encoding NNAs Authors’ Note Rul von Stülpnagel (Abteilung Kognitionswissenschaft, Universität Freiburg, Friedrichstr. 50, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany); Janette C. Schult (Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Steiger 3, Haus 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany); Claudia Richter (Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Steiger 3, Haus 1, D- 07743 Jena, Germany); Melanie C. Steffens, Faculty of Psychology, Social and Economic Psychology, Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany. The current research was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to the senior author (German Science Foundation, Ste 938/7-1, Ste 938/7-2). The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this research. We thank Rebekka Aust, Marcel Schmitt, Rowena Schmitt, Stephanie Schwenke, Linda Seidemann, Stefanie Wicke, Melanie Wöllner, and Julia Wolf for their support with data collection and valuable comments. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to the first (email: rul.von.stuelpnagel@cognition.uni-freiburg.de) or second author (email: janette.schult@uni- jena.de).