Product, Process, Principle: Examining Educational Paradigms Timothy Shoop Peter J. Rich, PhD Brigham Young University Abstract Changes in K-12 educational pedagogy might be summarized as a tug-of-war between product, process, and principle-based paradigms. Product-oriented paradigms emphasize outcomes, process-oriented paradigms emphasize approach, and principle-oriented paradigms emphasize concepts. In this paper, we demonstrate pedagogical paradigms that have at times guided the core subjects of mathematics, science, and writing composition and submit that adhering to all three paradigms—product, process, and principle—can lead to a more holistic education. We demonstrate how current standards support this integrated approach. However, there are three key challenges teachers face in applying this idea: perception of standardized tests, public perception, and teacher abilities. We provide recommendations for how these might be addressed. Keywords: