International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 727
EEG based detection of Alzheimer disease and monitoring of Alzheimer
patient
Priyanka Thakare
1
, Prof Dr. V.R.Pawar
2
1
PG Student, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering for
Women, Pune-43, Maharashtra, India.
2
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering for Women, Pune-43,
Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract - Alzheimer’s disease is most common cause of
dementia and involves a progressive degeneration of the
cerebral cortex. It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that
usually starts slowly and gets worse over time. In Alzheimer
disease death of the brain cells causes memory loss and
cognitive decline. The early diagnosis of the disease is essential
as it helps the patients also his family to take preventive
measures. EEG can be used for diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease.
In the EEG signals of the patients suffering from Alzheimer
disease various abnormalities are found . Hence, the need is to
develop the detection of the disease in early stage called as
Dementia. Developing tracking and reminder system for
Alzheimer patients who suffer from many difficulties such as
Memory loss that disrupts daily life, challenges in planning or
solving problems, Difficulty completing familiar tasks,
Confusion with time and place, problem with words in
speaking or writing.
Key Words: mild cognitive impairment(MCI),
electroencephalogram(EEG), Global System for Module(GSM),
Global Positioning SystemȋGPSȌ, Alzheimer’s diseaseȋADȌ,
family caregivers(FC), Electronics Geo-Tracking(EGT)
1.INTRODUCTION
AD is the most common cause of dementia, and involves a
progressive degeneration of the cerebral cortex. There is
widespread cortical atrophy. Neurons affected develop
surrounding amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and
produce less acetylcholine. Alzheimer’s disease ȋADȌ, also
known as Alzheimer disease, or just Alzheimer’s, accounts
for 60% to 70% of cases of dementia[10].People aged 65 and
older constitute the fastest growing population segment in
North America, Europe, and Asia. According to the US Census
Bureau, the global number of adults over the age of 60 is
expected to reach 1.2 billion by the year 2025.In Canada ,
50% people is affected due to Alzheimer disease. Early
detection of dementia is of great significance because it
increases the chances of successfully reversing the cause of
dementia. Although no treatment exists , early detection of
dementia still provides them and their families with an
opportunity to proactively plan for their future. [5].It is a
chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly
and gets worse over time. The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is
poorly understood. About 70% of the risk is believed to be
genetic with many genes usually involved. Other risk factors
include a history of head injuries, depression, or
hypertension.
AD is classified into three stages on the basis of
symptoms. Firstly, MCI: symptoms of MCI is short-term
memory loss, poor in calculation, frequently forgetting
people name, appointments, recent events. Secondly,
Moderate: symptoms of moderate is severe memory loss,
unable to handle simple tasks, start to depend on others on
handling living activities, language problems and cannot
communicate clearly with other people, wander around on
streets, confused about day and night. Symptoms of last
stage is unable to understand or use speech to express
simple things, unable to recognize people including his close
family members, Difficulties in swallowing and walking,
Totally dependent and bedridden. Numerous clinical
methods are extensively used for the diagnosis of Alzheimer
disease such as neuroimaging techniques[19], physiological
markers, and genetic analyses. Neuroimaging is one of the
well-accepted methods for definitive diagnosis of dementia.
Various Neuro-imaging methods are used for the diagnosis
of the Alzheimer disease. Several methods such as single-
photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT),
positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) have been successful for
recognizing AD at an early stage. But the main problem of
PET & SPECT is they impose the radiation risks[9]. Other
disadvantages are their costs which are much expensive,
time consuming inconvenient. So, apart from all these
Neuro-imaging methods; EEG is one of the standard methods
used for the diagnosis of the Alzheimer disease.
2. RELATED WORK
Current detection process starts by general practice
physicians referring patients to memory clinics for cognitive
assessment after repeated reports of memory problems by
the patients themselves, family members, or caregivers[5].In
memory clinics, cognition of patients is assessed using