International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 32 OPERATION OF ASWAN HIGH DAM RESERVOIR UNDER IMPACT OF POTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGES SCENARIOS A. M. El-Molla 1 , A. M. Mobasher 1 , R. F. Mohamed 1 , A.E. Anani 1 Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Eng. ,civil., Dept., Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Just north of the border between Egypt and Sudan lies the Aswan High Dam, a huge rock fill dam which captures the world's longest river, the Nile River, in the world's third largest reservoirs, Lake Nasser. The dam, known as Saad el Aali in Arabic, was completed in 1970 after ten years of work. Egypt has always depended on the water of the Nile River. The two main tributaries of the Nile River are the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The source of the White Nile are the Sobat River Bahr al-Jabal (The "Mountain Nile") and the Blue Nile begins in the Ethiopian Highlands. The two tributaries converge in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan where they form the Nile River. The Nile River has a total length of 4,160 miles (6,695 kilometers) from source to sea. The Aswan Dam benefits Egypt by controlling the annual floods on the Nile River and prevents the damage which used to occur along the floodplain. The Aswan High Dam provides about a half of Egypt's power supply and has improved navigation along the river by keeping the water flow consistent. There are several problems associated with the dam as well. Seepage and evaporation accounts for a loss of about 12-14% of the annual input into the reservoir. The sediments of the Nile River, as with all river and dam systems, has been filling the reservoir and thus decreasing its storage capacity. This has also resulted in problems downstream. The operation of the reservoir might face challenge in the 21st century due to global warming and related climate changes. The climate change scenarios are rainfall, evaporation and the inflow into AHDR. These scenarios are stochastic and vary year by year, as a result of climate change it is expected that the average Nile flow will change accordingly with significant yearly fluctuation. The main issue of this research is to investigate the potential impacts of changing climatic conditions on the operational performance of AHDR. BlueM, a model developed by the Institute for Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, Section for Hydrology and Water Management of the Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany, will be used to discuss and assess the potential modification of operation rules for the reservoir. BlueM is a deterministic integrated open modeling framework with special reference to reservoir systems. The modeling framework allows for the evaluation of different climate change scenarios generated by global climate models, which will be used as input to the model for simulating future inflows to the reservoirAn abstract summarizes, in one paragraph (usually), the major aspects of the entire paper in the following prescribed sequence. The abstract of your paper must 250 words or less. This electronic document is a Dzlivedz template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. Do not use special characters, symbols, or math in your title or abstract. The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. This template, modified in MS Word 2007 and saved as a DzWord 97-2003 Document ( Size 10 & Italic , cambria font) Key Words: Nile basin, Aswan High Dam, Climate change scenarios, operation rules, Egypt demand 1.INTRODUCTION The Aswan High Dam Reservoir plays a key role in water resources of Egypt. It is extends for 500 km along the Nile and covers an area of about 6,000 km2, of which northern two-thirds (Lake Nasser) is in Egypt and one-third (Lake Nubia) in Sudan. The reservoir has a large annual carry- over capacity of 168.90 x 109 m3 [Ministry of water resources and irrigation, 2005] Construction of AHD on the River Nile in southern Egypt began in 1960 and was completed on 1972 to develop industries using generated electric power and to stabilize water supply for irrigation. The dam created AHDR, one of the worldǯs largest artificial lakes ȋfig. ͳȌ, south of Aswan. AHDR covers the area between Lat. 21o30' N and 24o00' N, Long. 31o20' E and 33o30' E [Selim et. al., 2002], and extends to about 500 long (more than 350 km in Egypt and the rest in Sudan) with a maximum width of 35 km and covers an area of 6500 km2 at its highest water level (182 m). . Fig 1: location and extent of Aswan High Dam Reservoir