International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 254 REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES SONIYA.K.MALODE 1 , R.H.ADWARE 2 1 M.Tech (P.E.D) Student, G.H.R.C.E Department Of Electrical Engineering, Nagpur, India. 2 Assistant Professor, G.H.R.C.E, Department of Electrical Engineering, Nagpur, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – In this paper, a easy but useful method of regenerative braking in electric vehicle is proposed. Regenerative braking is an most excellent way for electric vehicle to expand their driving capabilities. The regenerative braking plays an vital part to maintain the vehicle’s strength and getting better energy. Electric vehicle’s use mechanical brake to boost the roughness of wheel for the deceleration purpose. However from the point of view of saving energy, mechanical brake increase out much energy while the EV’s kinetic energy is renewed into the thermal one. The braking system for a vehicle is based on hydraulic braking technology. Thus, this traditional braking methodology causes a lot of wastage of energy since it produces unwanted heat during braking. Thus, the creation of regenerative braking has rise above these disadvantages in addition it helps in save energy and provide higher efficiency for a car. The main aim that has been focus on having influence on brake energy regeneration that is usable is discussed. Key Words: Electric Vehicle, Regenerative Braking, Motor, Generator. 1. INTRODUCTION Now a day’s electric vehicles ȋEVsȌ have traditionally much attention for alternate to traditional internal combustion engine(ICE) vehicles[1]. The development of hybrid and EVs become mostly popular. That can be seen due to highly increased awareness of global warming and also rise in cost of petrol prices. Thus also due to increased in air pollution which is concern in environment and increase in oil prices, the EVs is the first and last choice for the transportation. In battery operated EV, battery is the only source for energy and these batteries are facing problem such as less charging and recharging cycles also poor response in driving range[10]. The mention problems are overcome by using battery with any one of the energy source such as ultra capacitor, flywheel, electrochemical batteries and etc [10]. Some processes are introduced to overcome this problem; one of them is regenerative braking. Regenerative braking is the process by which some of the kinetic energy is stored in the vehicles, which is translated and kinetic energy is stored in the battery and ultra capacitor during deceleration[12]. The regenerative braking does not function all time in a plain road surface area. It is seen in those road ways where vehicle have to apply brake on speed breaker, pits on road and on slope where vehicles have to apply brake. The regenerative braking is observed only when the battery is full charge braking needs to be effect by the energy, thus mechanical brake in the EVs are needed. EV’s use mechanical brake for the increase the roughness of wheel for the decelerate purpose. From the position of saving energy, the mechanical brake dissipate much energy, since the EV’s kinetic energy is renewed to electric energy. The easy to control motors are capable of regenerating. In two-wheelers EVs, generally mechanical brakes are used for stopping or decelerating the speed of vehicles; all kinetic energy stored in the vehicles at the time of braking is lost [7]. The kinetic energy which is lost at the time of braking can be converted back into electrical energy and stored in battery and ultra capacitor. This energy will be stored in battery if managed properly and controlled carefully without causing any problem to the motor, the drive and the battery. Now till date demand for Electric Vehicles starts increasing according to market. 2. REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM 2.1 Working Principle Regenerative braking is a brake method to use mechanical energy from the motor and convert kinetic energy to electrical energy and give back to the battery. In the regenerative braking mode, the motor slows downhill the car. When we apply force to pedal of brake, then car gets slow down and motor works in reverse direction. When running in invalidate direction motor acts as the generator and thus charge the battery as shown in figure 2[9]. Thus in figure 1 the car which is running in normal condition where motor goes forward and takes energy from the battery.