International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 388 Detection and Prevention of Wormhole attack in MANET Aakanksha Kadam 1 , Niravkumar Patel 2 , Vaishali Gaikwad 3 1 Student & Information Technology department, K.J.S.I.E.I.T, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 2 Student & Information Technology department, K.J.S.I.E.I.T, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 3 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Information Technology, K.J.S.I.E.I.T, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The development in wireless technologies and the high availability of wireless equipment in everyday life have made infrastructure-less networks very popular. MANETs are becoming more and more common due to their ease of deployment. Unlike the wireless networks having a fixed infrastructure, a mobile ad hoc network or MANET does not depend on a static infrastructure for operations based on networking, because of this security is a very challenging issue in MANET, there is a high possibility that the intermediate nodes can be malicious and they might be a threat to the security. Wormhole is the most frequently occurring attack in ad hoc networks in which one malicious node tunnels the packets from its location to other defective nodes. If the source node chooses this fake route, the attacker has the alternative of delivering the packets or dropping them. In this paper we have surveyed some existing techniques for detection of wormhole and a method for detecting and preventing wormhole attack in MANET is proposed. The proposed approach is based on Smart Packet, wormhole infected nodes can be detected based on acceptance of the smart packets by the nodes in the network. All the simulation will be done on ns2 using AODV routing protocol. Key Words: MANET, Wormhole, AODV, Smart Packet. 1. INTRODUCTION In this age of wireless devices, Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has become an important part for establishing communication between mobile devices. Therefore, research in the field of Mobile Ad-hoc Network has been growing since last few years. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile hosts without fixed network infrastructure and centralized administration. Multi-hop packets are used to establish communication in MANET. MANET is a challenging field: MANET consists of diverse resources; the line of defence is very uncertain; Nodes operate in shared wireless medium; Topology changes irregularly and very dynamically; Reliability in the radio link is an issue; connection breaks are frequent. Also, the density of nodes, number of nodes and mobility of these hosts may vary in different applications. Security is an absolute service for wired and wireless network communication. This work is concerned with a very severe security attack that affects the ad hoc networks routing protocols, called Dzwormhole attackdz. A Wormhole attack is considered dangerous as it is free of MAC layer protocols and immune to cryptographic techniques. There are many solutions to trace and prevent this attack like packet leashes, cluster base, hop count analysis etc., but none of them is perfect solution. Wormhole refers to an attack on MANET routing protocols in which colluding nodes create an illusion that two extremely isolated regions of a MANET are directly connected through nodes that appear to be neighbours but are actually distant from one another. The wormhole attack is possible even if the attacker has not compromised any hosts and even if all communication provides authenticity and confidentiality. In our system, we analyse wormhole attack nature in ad hoc and sensor networks and existing methods of the defending mechanism to detect wormhole attacks without the need of any specialized hardware. This analysis is able to provide a method to reduce the rate of refresh time and the response time to become more faster. We are primarily using Network Simulator version 2 for implementation. The remaining parts of this paper are described as follows. Section II gives Problem Definition of this project. Section III explains Wormhole attack. Section IV gives review of previous wormhole detection and prevention techniques. Section V explains proposed scheme. Section VI presents the conclusion. 2. PROBLEM DEFINITION This project is a simulation for creating, detecting and preventing the Wormhole attack in MANET. A MANET is a mobile ad hoc network which is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by maintaining radio connections in a decentralize manner. Security is a major issue for MANET due to its characteristics of open medium, flexibly changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, and absence of centralized monitoring points and lack of clear lines of defense. A defective node operating in the network receives packets at one location and tunnels them to another location in the network, where these packets are modified and resent into the network. The tunnel that is between two conspiring attackers is referred to as a wormhole. The main scope of this project is to detect presence of a wormhole in the network and develop a method (algorithm)