https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217734273 American Behavioral Scientist 1–23 © 2017 SAGE Publications Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0002764217734273 journals.sagepub.com/home/abs Article Lost in Transition: College Resources and the Unequal Early-Career Trajectories of Arts Alumni Nathan D. Martin 1 and Alexandre Frenette 1 Abstract This article considers how college resources (academic abilities, social engagement, and career skills) affect the likelihood of a successful post-graduation job search. Using survey data from the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (N = 16,659 alumni who graduated between 1976 and 2015), we find that arts graduates are increasingly likely to be lost in transition. Over recent decades, the likelihood of experiencing a prolonged job search after graduation or initial employment in an unrelated field has increased. Yet, we find that higher levels of social engagement and career skills, but not academic abilities gained through traditional instruction, are predictive of labor market success. Female and non-White alumni report lower levels of college resources, longer initial job searches, and are more likely to find work in an unrelated field. Furthermore, gender moderates the relationship between career skills and job search length such that career skill development is associated with stronger gains for men than for women. Keywords artistic careers, job search, postsecondary education, precarious work A hypercompetitive college admissions market, escalating tuition costs, and the prolifera- tion of school rankings are contributing to growing concerns on the part of students, par- ents, and administrators regarding the economic payoffs of higher education (Bills, 2016; Hout, 2012). A burgeoning literature has directed attention to the political economy of 1 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Corresponding Author: Nathan D. Martin, School of Social Transformation, Arizona State University, PO Box 876403, Tempe, AZ 85287-6403, USA. Email: ndm@asu.edu 734273ABS XX X 10.1177/0002764217734273American Behavioral ScientistMartin and Frenette research-article 2017