Unruly Beasts: Animal Citizens and the Threat of Tyranny SUE DONALDSON Independent Researcher WILL KYMLICKA Queen’s University In Zoopolis, we argue that domesticated animals 1 are entitled not only to protection of their basic negative rights such as life and liberty, they should be recognized as citizens in a mixed human - animal democratic polis sharing rights of membership, representation and participation in a shared co-operative scheme. Our argument for a duty to extend citizenship to domesticated animals (hereafter DAs) rests on three claims: • DAs are de facto members of our political communities, physically present and subject to human governance; • through the process of domestication, DAs have been made dependent on human care, foreclosing any (immediate) option of a more indepen- dent existence outside of human communities; and • within our political communities DAs form a dominated and exploited sub-class whose interests are systematically ignored by the political order. In short, DAs are members of our communities; we have benefitted from, and enforced, their membership while systematically exploiting them, and these facts generate a moral obligation to extend citizenship. Justice Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the participants in the CRÉUM “Workshop on Animal Citizenship” for comments on this paper. Thanks also to Emma Planinc whose stimulating article inspired this response and to four anonymous referees for very helpful comments. Sue Donaldson, 7-131 King Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2Z9, Email: cliffehanger@sym- patico.ca Will Kymlicka, Department of Philosophy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Email: kymlicka@queensu.ca Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique 47:1 (March/mars 2014) 23–45 doi:10.1017/S0008423914000195 © 2014 Canadian Political Science Association (l’Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique