Nanoporous Carbon-Supported Fe/Co-N Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Reaction in PEM Fuel Cells
Ja-Yeon Choi, Ryan Hsu, Zhongwei Chen
Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology,
Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada N2L 3G1
As a substitute for high-cost platinum based catalysts, nonprecious
catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction were synthesized by
deposition of Fe/Co-N composite onto two different nanoporous
carbon supports, Ketjen Black EC300J and EC600JD, using
ethylenediamine as a nitrogen precursor. Rotating ring disk
electrode measurements were used to investigate the ORR activity,
and the results obtained from EC600JD based catalyst, showed
improved onset and half-wave potentials and superior selectivity
than that of the EC300J. Similarly, the catalyst showed good
performance in the hydrogen-oxygen PEMFC, being able to
produce 0.37 A/cm2 with a maximum power density of 0.44
W/cm2 at a cell voltage of 0.6 V. A fuel cell life test at a voltage of
0.40 V demonstrated promising stability up to 100 h. These results
suggest that a higher pore volume and surface area of the carbon
support could lead to higher nitrogen content, providing more
active sites for ORR.
Introduction
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells have been receiving lots of attention as a
sustainable power source for transport, stationary, and portable applications due to their
high efficiency and low emissions (1, 2). Though tremendous progress has been made in
the past decades, the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode
of PEM fuel cells are still one of the primary aspects limiting its performance. To date,
the best materials for the catalysis of ORR are platinum-based; however, they suffer from
slow reduction kinetics and high cost, which hinders the large-scale commercialization of
low-temperature fuel cells (3-5). As a substitute for platinum, the development of
nonprecious metal catalysts (NPMCs) with high activity and practical durability for ORR
has been viewed as the long-term solution to reduce the cost (6).
Much effort has been devoted to the development of NPMCs in recent years.
Nonprecious metal/polymer nanocomposite catalysts with different nitrogen-containing
precursors have demonstrated high catalytic activity toward ORR. Among these catalysts,
NPMCs with high ORR activity synthesized by modification of the carbon support with
porphyrin, polypyrrole, polyaniline, or ethylenediamine (EDA) as a nitrogen precursor
has received a lot of attention (7-13). However, most reports of NPMCs have not
exceeded the performance of commercial platinum catalysts in PEM fuel cells in both
activity and stability.
ECS Transactions, 28 (23) 101-112 (2010)
10.1149/1.3502342 ©The Electrochemical Society
101
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