Gaharwar A, Mishra SR, Kumar V (2016) Histomorphological Spectra of Gallbladder Specimens after Cholecystectomy in Benign Disease. Int J Anat Appl Physiol. 2(5), 49-56 49 OPEN ACCESS http://scidoc.org/IJAAP.php International Journal of Anatomy & Applied Physiology (IJAAP) ISSN 2572-7451 Histomorphological Spectra of Gallbladder Specimens after Cholecystectomy in Benign Disease Research Article Gaharwar A 1 , Mishra SR 1* , Kumar V 2 1 Department of Anatomy, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2 Department of Anatomy, Rural Institute of Medical Science and Research, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh, India. Introduction Disorders of the gallbladder are a common surgical condition throughout the world. Cholecystectomy is the mainstay of treatment for cholelithiasis and the laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard management of symptomatic cholelithiasis [1, 2]. Chronic cholecystitis is associated with cholelithiasis in > 90% of cases [3]. Although symptomatic cholelithiasis per se is a benign condition, gallstones are a known risk factor for gallbladder malignancy (GBM) which has a very poor prognosis [2-4]. Cholelithiasis produces diverse histopathological changes in the gallbladder. These include acute or chronic inlammation, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, glandular hyperplasia, cholesterosis, and metaplasia (gastric or intestinal), dysplasia and carcinoma [3]. The incidence of the gallbladder cancer varies in different races and geographic regions [3, 5]. The incidence *Corresponding Author: Suniti R Mishra Professor, Department of Anatomy, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Tel: 09959994994 E-mail: dr.sunti@yahoo.co.in Received: July 05, 2016 Accepted: August 24, 2016 Published: August 31, 2016 Citation: Gaharwar A, Mishra SR, Kumar V (2016) Histomorphological Spectra of Gallbladder Specimens after Cholecystectomy in Benign Disease. Int J Anat Appl Physiol. 2(5), 49-56. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2572-7451-160008 Copyright: Mishra SR © 2016. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Background: The gallbladder is a surgically important organ, most often subjected to cholecystectomy for treating chole- lithiasis. The presence of gallstones may precipitate the development of cholecystitis which may even lead to gallbladder malignancy, if not treated in time. Aim: The aims were to study the diverse morphological, histopathological and histochemical features of gallbladder speci- mens obtained at cholecystectomy done for various benign diseases of the GB. Material and methods: Included are 132 specimens of the gallbladder obtained at cholecystectomy done for benign dis- eases at Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The specimens thus obtained were studied for the morphological and histopathological changes. Each specimen was subjected to Sudan Black B, Methyl Green-Pyronin Y and Periodic acid-Schiff staining to conirm presence of lipid, plasma cells and glycogen, respectively in GB tissue samples. Results and Conclusion: Cholelithiasis was predominantly a female disease. The size of the GB varied from < 7 cm (shrunken) to > 10 cm (distended). Cholelithiasis was present in 97.73% of the cases studied. Of these, 89.14 % had mixed stones and 10.85%, cholesterol stones. Of the cases studied, 8.33% had acute cholecystitis alone. It was associated with mu- cocoele or empyema of the GB in 3.79% and 5.30% cases, respectively. Histopathological changes consistent with chronic cholecystitis and cholesterolosis, respectively were seen in 76.52% and 6.06% cases. In the former patients, the presence of theplasma cells in the GB tissues was conirmed using MGPY staining. The presence of lipids in the GB tissue samples of the latter was conirmed using Sudan Black B staining. Cases of chronic cholecystitis with ectopic pancreatic tissue, co- lonic metaplasia and xanthogranuloma were also seen. Mixed atrophic-hyperplastic mucosa, being the commonest mucosal change was seen in 63.64% cases. Other mucosal changes included atrophic mucosa (in 21.21 % cases) and hyperplasia (in 15.15% cases). The GB tissue samples in 7.5% cases showed PAS-positive mucinous metaplasia. The tissue samples obtained at cholecystectomy performed for various benign gallbladder diseases showed varieties of histomorphological changes, including metaplasia and precursor changes suggesting the high risk for gallbladder malig- nancy. This underscores the need for routine histopathological examination of appropriate tissue samples of the gallbladder obtained at cholecystectomy. Keywords: Cholecystitis; Cholelithiasis; Empyema; Gallstone; Mucosa; Mucocoele.