Jahromi MK (2016) Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents and Body Composition. Int J Anat Appl Physiol. 2(2e), 1-2. 1 OPEN ACCESS http://scidoc.org/IJAAP.php International Journal of Anatomy & Applied Physiology (IJAAP) ISSN 2572-7451 Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents and Body Composition Editorial Jahromi MK Associate Professor of Sport Sciences Department, Shiraz University, Iran. Adolescence is a time of initiation of various physical and psychological maturation for young women when endocrinological, metabolic, somatic and psychological changes occur ingirls. During this phase, maturation of the endocrinological system involved in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary axis occur. Normal reproductive function indicate the health of components of the axis [1, 2]. Serious gynecological disease is rare in this age group, but menstrual disturbances are not uncommon. The most common menstrual abnormalities are polymenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and dysmenorrhea [3, 4]. Menstrual disorders are more frequent in younger girls, becoming less common during 3–5 years after menarche [5]. Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) are one of the frequent problems in adolescent girls. Various epidemiologic studies have indicated that premenstrual disorders begin during the teenage years. At least 20 % of adolescents experience moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms associated with functional impairment. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) consists of physical and/or psychological premenstrual symptoms that interfere with usual life performance. Symptoms increase by ovulation and reduce within the irst few days of menses. In adolescents, the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a severe form of PMS accompanied by affective symptoms, is likely equal to or higher than in adults [6]. Current treatment recommendations includes lifestyle change, exercise and various drugs or supplements that suppress the rise and fall of ovarian steroids or augment serotonin [7]. Some drugs can cause acute or chronic side effects. It seems that lifestyle, physical activity and dietary patternaffect PMS. Body mass index (BMI) (as an index of indicating body composition) is also a factor that is probably related to PMS. It has beendemonstrated that women who are suffering from PMS have higher BMI values [8]. Plasma levels of sex hormones may be impaired in women who have PMS symptoms [9]. Adipose tissue and steroid hormones have a direct relationship and sex steroid hormones are involved in metabolism, storage and distribution of fat tissues [10]. 17 beta- estradiol may also affect the number of fat cells in the abdominal subcutaneous [11]. Regarding the role of ovarian steroids in the development of PMS, it seems that abdominal fat and obesity are important factors that are associated with PMS. For example, it has been observed that PMS symptoms were higher in obese women [12]. However, another study revealed that there was no signiicant difference in the amount of body fat between healthy women and women who are suffering from PMS [11]. So discrepancies in indings regarding the relationship between different body composition indices and PMS and even not inding signiicant relationship among some body composition indices [12], assumed the hypothesis that obesity-associated complications such as PMS symptoms are not associated with fat mass per se, but the pattern of fat distribution. The positive inluence of exercise on PMS has been indicated in many studies [13, 14, 15], but the mediatory mechanism for this effect is not clear yet. In a recent study it has been indicated that regular exercise, habitual activity, cardiorespiratory itness are related to PMS [16] and each of mentioned indices as well as nutrition probably inluence body composition. Regarding the relationship between adolescent obesity and various gastrointestinal, neuropsychological, pulmonary and renal disease [17], especially intra-abdominal visceral fat correlation with metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases [18], considering the obesity and pattern of body composition effects on PMS asa possible mediator is recommended for future research. References [1]. Karapanou O, Papadimitriou A (2010) Determinants of menarche. Reprod BiolEndocrinol. 8:115.doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-115 [2]. Slap GB (2003) Menstrual disorders in adolescence. Best Pract Res ClinOb- stetGynaecol. 17(1): 75–92. [3]. Fraser IS, Critchley HO, Munro MG, Broder M (2007) Can we achieve *Corresponding Author: Maryam Koushkie Jahromi Associate Professor of Sport Sciences Department, Shiraz University, Iran. E-mail: koushkie53@yahoo.com Received: October 06, 2016 Published: October 07, 2016 Citation: Jahromi MK (2016) Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescents and Body Composition. Int J Anat Appl Physiol. 2(2e), 1-2. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2572-7451-160003e Copyright: Jahromi MK © 2016. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.