Dual sink efficient balanced energy technique for underwater acoustic sensor networks Muhammad Awais Khan 1 , Nadeem Javaid 1 , Abdul Majid 1 , Muhammad Imran 2 , Mohammed Alnuem 2 1 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan 2 College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Abstract—Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks are consid- ered to provide efficient monitoring tasks in aquatic environment but due to limited battery resource of sensor nodes, network lifetime collapses. Energy balancing is the major issue in low network lifetime. High energy consumption creates energy holes and ultimately leads to shorter network lifetime. Therefore, energy consumption must be balanced to increase network life time. To overcome these concerns a technique should be designed that minimizes the energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. This paper presents a Dual Sink Efficient and Balanced Energy consumption Technique (DSEBET) for UASNs. DSEBET overcomes the problem of limited network lifetime and high energy consumption over long distance. Dual sinks underwater model is established. DSEBET first establishes links between nodes on the basis of their optimum distance value and then picks relay nodes on the basis of their minimum distance ”N j ” value for the transmission of data. In the data transmission phase every nodes have equal energy levels numbers (ELNs). Long distance nodes from one sink will share their data to other sink if come in range of sink otherwise they will establish a multi hop path for transmission of data to the respective sink. Keywords-Under Water Acoustic Sensor Network, Routing Protocol, Network Life Time, Energy, Throughput. I. Introduction Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) are gaining much importance due to their vast network application for oceanographic, pollution monitoring, disaster prevention and offshore exploration. They are composed up of micro-sensor capable of sensing and provide information about underwater environment. Many researches worked on underwater fields to know about the underwater behaviour it is meaningful only when desired information through underwater sensor is produced. The signals used in UASNs are acoustic signals. The main reason of choosing acoustic communication over radio is that radio waves do not propagate well in water. Acoustic signals can propagate through long distance. However some major issues are created in working on acoustic underwater communication that are limited battery power, limited band- width, high propagation delay, low frequency, high bit error rate and multi path fading problems [1]. Most of the existing protocols designed for underwater sensor networks are not suitable for aqueous environment as they produces high en- ergy consumption. Transmitting data packets to its destination requires high energy hence network lifetime collapses. There must be a designed protocol which can consume less energy and produces long network lifetime. Less energy consumption and long network lifetime is the major constituent in designing a highly applicable underwater network. Sensor nodes in underwater communication system needs energy to transmit data to the sink. The long distance nodes will require high energy consumption whether they are transmitting data using direct transmission or by using multi-hop transmission. Direct transmission is not applicable for nodes that are not in range of sink, hop by hop transmission produces time delay also transmitting data to the sink from a long distance produces more energy consumption which decreases network lifetime and throughput [1]. This paper presents a Dual Sink Efficient and Balanced Energy consumption Technique (DSEBET). In DSEBET, two sinks and sensor nodes are deployed over a given region and initial energy of every sensor node is divided into equal Energy Level Numbers (ELNs). Sensor node selects relay nodes on the basis of minimum distance. During data forwarding, node nearer to its respective sink will transmit data to its respective sink if it lies in the transmission range of that sink. In this way energy is balanced which surely improves network life time as well as throughput. II. Related Work In past few years different researchers proposed different routing protocol on UASNs. Their aim is to consume less energy and increase network lifetime. The author proposed various techniques in UASNs. In [1] a protocol was designed that uses energy balancing concept using a sink for receiving of data packets from sensor nodes. Sensor nodes select relay nodes on the basis of minimum distance and high energy levels and transmit data to sink. A technique introduced in [2] where energy consumption of sensor nodes are deployed that works on underwater acoustic sensor networks. Two protocol Energy Balanced Hybrid (EBH) and Differential Initial Battery (DIB) jointed together to maximize network lifetime. In this proposed protocol nodes change their data transmission from direct to multi hop according to their residual energy as possible. The author in [3] proposed a balanced energy dissipation that relates the idea of forward aware factor for UASNs. The protocol consist of forward transmission area and forward density field. Area where sensor nodes have high residual energy are selected as data forwarding selection area. However this routing protocol were not up to the mark because of its unique features. 2016 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops 978-1-5090-2461-2/16 $31.00 © 2016 IEEE DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2016.156 551