Quest Journals Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering Volume 3 ~ Issue 6 (2017) pp: 24-32 ISSN(Online) : 2321-8193 www.questjournals.org *Corresponding Author: Sumer Singh 24 | Page M.E. Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, M.B.M. Engineering College, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Research Paper A Review on Pull-Out Capacity of Helical Anchors in Clay And Sand Sumer Singh* 1 ,Ankit Laddha 2 ,Puneet Hiranandani 3 ,Dr. D.G.M. Purohit 4 1 M.E. Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, M.B.M. Engineering College, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 2 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Jodhpur Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. 3 Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 4 Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, M.B.M. Engineering College, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Corresponding Author: Sumer Singh* 1 Received 14 October, 2017; Accepted 27 October, 2017 © The Author(S) 2017. Published with open access at Www.Questjournals.Org ABSTRACT: Helical anchors have been used widely in engineering application .They can be used to provide structural stability against axial compression ,uplift and lateral forces. In recent years, helical anchor foundations have become more widely used in many countries. Earth anchors are primarily designed to resist outwardly directed loads (pull out loads) imposed on structure such as foundations, earth retaining structures, and slopes. Anchors transfer these outwardly directed loads to deep soil and rock strata. Generally anchors are used to resist reactions which are greater than the self weight of the structure. These reactions may be due to lateral wind forces, earth pressures, uplift force due to expansive soils etc. Buried anchors have been used for thousands of years to stabilize lightweight structures like tents. Nowadays earth anchors of various types are used for uplift resistance of transmission towers, utility poles, aircraft moorings, submerged pipelines, and tunnels. They are also used for tieback resistance of earth retaining structures, waterfront structures, at bends in pressure pipelines, and when it is necessary to control thermal stresses. The paper observed that the ultimate uplift capacity is dependent on the relative undrained/drained shear strength of cohesionless soil, the depth ratio of embedment and soil thickness ratio. The pull out capacity of helical anchors increases with increase in the number of helixes, spacing between the helixes, embedment depth as well as the oblique while compared to that of oblique pull. Keywords: Clay, Helical anchor, Pullout test, Screw anchor, Sand. I. INTRODUCTION The earliest helical anchor created by a blind English brick maker names Alexander Mitchell for designing a foundation support of a lighthouse in 1833. The concept of ―screw pile‖ was very successful in the designing but the development of helical plate foundation was not progress (Chance, 2004). Until 1950’s, a power-installed screw anchor for resisting tension load was found in US and this type of anchor was starting popular and widely used in the construction site. The helical anchor formed by a steel shaft which one or more helical plates welded to the shaft to create a ―screw anchor‖. Helical anchors are primary designed and constructed to provide the uplift resistance to the foundation of a structure. General review consists of research papers on various aspects of investigations on helical anchors like their pullout capacity in clay and sand, stress displacement relationships, stresses and strains induced around them during installation and pullout, effect of submergence and surcharge, effect of pitch, embedment, spacing of plate, behavior in group etc. Analysis in different papers incorporates different methods of analysis like numerical, analytical, empirical or experimental and theoretical or mathematical model. Ghaly and Hanna (1991) provided remarkable studies on the failure surface developed due to helical anchors embedded in sands; Mooney et al. (1985) provided theoretical methodology for determining uplift capacity of anchors in clay which was further extended by Rao and Prasad(1993) depending upon the spacing of