■ Kathryn E. Graber
Department of Anthropology & Department
of Central Eurasian Studies
Indiana University
graberk@indiana.edu
The Kitchen, the Cat, and the Table:
Domestic Affairs in Minority-Language
Politics
This article examines ideological constructions of the domestic sphere in metalinguistic
commentary about loss in Buryat, a contracting language of Siberia whose speakers are
shifting to Russian. Although calling Buryat “just a kitchen language” suggests that the
kitchen is linguistically devalued, a popular joke told among bilingual speakers and its
use-in-context show that kitchens can also be invoked to positively demarcate an inner
sphere of comfortable, “offstage” interaction, to authenticate otherwise derided ways of
speaking, and to build solidarity. The kitchen emerges as a complex discursive resource for
commenting on—and for re-creating—pragmatic rules for the use of different codes and
registers. [multilingualism, register, humor, performance, Russia]
Introduction
T
he domestic sphere, and particularly women in the domestic sphere, play a
central and challenging role in discourse about language loss. Language-
revitalization activists have often focused their efforts on the home as a—if not
the—site of intergenerational transmission. At the same time, home and hearth
frequently figure in scholarship on language as a domain of limitation: as the
beginning of a nascent-but-not-(yet)-fully functional pidgin; as the island-like
repository of speakers living in diaspora; or, perhaps most often, as the last bastion
of a dying language. In the literature on language endangerment, obsolescence, and
death, references to “domestic” languages and domestic-sphere usage abound,
giving the impression of a teleological trajectory in a language’s use, not just from
greater domain differentiation to less but, more specifically, from a wide variety of
public contexts to a narrower range of private contexts (Dorian 2014:326; Moore
1988:453). Although patterns vary, the collective conclusion from research on
language loss is inescapable: restriction to private-sphere interactions is where a
language ends.
This article focuses on ideological constructions of the domestic sphere in
metalinguistic commentary about loss in Buryat, an indigenous, contracting language
of Siberia. Buryat speakers strongly differentiate between a standard literary register
and colloquial ways of speaking. When I learned Buryat as an adult doing fieldwork
in the Lake Baikal region, my tutors focused on the standard literary language,
drawing on their expertise in linguistics to explain verb morphology and having me
Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 151–170, ISSN 1055-1360, EISSN 1548-1395. Copyright
© 2017 American Anthropological Association. DOI: 10.1111/jola.12154.
151