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LONG TERM IMPACT OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN
ON SOIL PROPERTIES, GROWTH, YIELD, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND QUALITY
OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
P. K. SINGH
1
, ARVIND KUMAR
2
, BRIJESH KUMAR SINGH
3
, A. C. SINGH
4
& SACHIN KUMAR
5
1,5
Department of Agronomy, R.K. (P.G.) College, Shamli, C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Agronomist Biotech India Technology, Department of Agronomy, R.K. (P.G.) College,
Shamli, C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
3
Research Scholar Department of Biotechnology, VCKV, Mohannagar, Department of Agronomy,
R.K. (P.G.) College, Shamli, C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
4
Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy , K.A. (P.G.) College, Shamli,
C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out consecutively for five years (2011-12 to 2015-16), in split-split plot design
with three replications, to elucidate the long term impact of irrigation and nitrogen levels on soil physico-chemical
properties, growth, yield and quality under different tillage systems in wheat. Long term zero tillage + mulch resulted
significant reduction of bulk density from 1.37 Mg/m3 to 1.33 Mg/m3 at o-15 cm depth and a favorable shift in pH from
an initial 7.74 to 7.45. Plants raised under zero tillage + mulch grew 6.75 percent tall and maintained 3.8 percent more
shoots over conventional tillage, had 10.61, 7.52 and 12.84 percent higher biological, grain and straw yield, respectively
over zero tillage. Similarly zero tillage + mulch resulted 15.58 and 14.29 % higher Fe uptake over conventional tillage,
and resulted 5146 and 2850 higher net return over zero tillage and conventional tillage, respectively. Plants
enjoying seven irrigations had 6.0 percent higher dry matter as compared to four irrigations. Whereas, maximum grain
yield (6.05 t/ha) was observed with six irrigations. Six irrigations had 8.0 percent higher grain yield over four irrigations
and resulted 9.01, 9.63, 8.12, 13.04 and 40.66 percent higher uptake of N, P, K, S and Fe over four irrigations,
respectively. At 90 DAS, plants fertilized with 180 kg N/ha, retained 26.09 percent higher leaves, and maintained 2.27
percent higher total chlorophyll over 120 kg N/ha. Biological (15.27 t/ha) and straw yields (9.74 t /ha) were significantly
higher with 180 kg N/ha. However maximum grain yield (5.99 t/ha) and harvest index (0.39) observed under 150 kg N/ha.
The protein content was highest with 180 kg N/ha (12.33 %), whereas, starch content, could not cross the level of
significance. Nitrogen application @ 150 kg N /ha resulted an additional return of 8983 over 120 kg N.
KEYWORDS: Growth, Irrigation, Nitrogen, Nutrient, Quality, Tillage, Triticum Aestivum & Yield
Received: Jun 22, 2017; Accepted: Jul 08, 2017; Published: Jul 31, 2017; Paper Id.: IJASRAUG201772
INTRODUCTION
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol) assumes worldwide significance owing to its
utilization as a human food and livestock feed, and is the most important crop of the northern India. It is being
grown under diverse agro-climatic conditions on an acrege of 29.92 million ha with a production of 95.91 million
tones and productivity of only 3075 kg/ha against 4132 kg/ha in China during 2016 (Anonymous, 2015). The
Original Article
International Journal of Agricultural
Science and Research (IJASR)
ISSN(P): 2250-0057; ISSN(E): 2321-0087
Vol. 7, Issue 4, Aug2017, 555-566
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