International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1580 WEIGHT OPTIMIZATION OF STEERING RACK AND PINION BY USING DIFFERENT METAL FOR RACK WITH NEW IDEA OF COLD SHRINK FIT Dhanraj Shinde 1 , Vaishnav Mayekar 2 , Nilesh Jain 3 ,Parag Borse 4 1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Rack and pinion type steering system is most common in automobile, each and every automobile industry try to reduce their vehicle weight to increase speed and performance and to reduce inertia losses and by using this idea we reduced weight significantly in a single part, it is observed that the present rack and pinion assembly contains single metal rack i.e. steel, so its weight can be reduced by using different metal in rack which heaviest in rack and pinion assembly, rack and pinion in steering system is used to convert rotary motion of steering wheel to translational motion of tie rod to turn the vehicle, in this patent rack is cold shrink fitted in rack rod for cold shrink fitting we have to cool rack to -196 0 C in liquid nitrogen, then we have to fit it in rack rod and allow it to come at normal temperature. Key words: Rack and pinion, Steering system. 1. INTRODUCTION The basic aim of steering system is to ensure that the wheels are pointing in the desired directions. This is typically achieved by a series of linkages, rods, pivots and gears. The most conventional steering arrangement is to turn the front wheels using a hand–operated steering wheel which is positioned in front of the driver, via the steering column, which may contain universal joints (which may also be part of the collapsible steering column design), to allow it to deviate somewhat from a straight line. The components of a steering rack and pinion are as follows: [1] Rack teeth [2] Casing [3] Rack rod [4] Clevis [5] Bushings [6] Bearing [7] Circlip [8] Pinion [9] Bellows Fig -1: Assembly diagram of steering rack and pinion The steering rack produces linear motion from an applied torque to the pinion. The pinion is supported by two bushings housed in the Mounting Block. The teeth on the pinion engage those on the rack which translates linearly between two bushings separately housed in the Mounting Block. The rack has extensions and clevises to reach the tie rods on the chassis which in turn rotate the wheel, thus steering the car. The pinion is designed to attach to a steering wheel so that the driver need not grip and turn the pinion directly, as they would be able to produce little torque. 2. DESIGN PARAMETERS In automobile as the steering system directly governs good control and safety feature. While designing, the main objective is to transfer steering force without inefficiencies in mechanical linkages. As rack is designed with two different materials (composite), Material selection and cold shrink fitting are two major concerns.