MAREK MEJOR CONTRIBUTION OF POLISH SCHOLARS TO THE STUDY OF INDIAN LOGIC One country in which logic particularly flourished between the two world wars was Poland. The study of logic was pursued in a number of centres, at Lvov … [and at] Warsaw …. After World War II the Poles’ vigorous pursuit of logic continued both in Poland and elsewhere.— wrote Arthur Norman PRIOR (1914–1969) in his sketch of the history of logic in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy from 1967. 1 The recently published (1998) 10-volumed Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ‘hailed as “monumental”, “impressive” and “the most wide-ranging encyclopedia of philosophy ever published in English” 2 , contains—among its more than 2000 entries—a separate entry POLISH LOGIC (written by Jan ZYGMUNT) 3 : Let me quote from it the short characteristics of ‘Polish logic’ (ibid., p. 492): ‘The term “Polish logic” was coined by McCall 4 to signal the important contribution to modern logic by logicians from Poland between the wars. There were several centres of research, of which the Warsaw school, which grew out of the earlier Lwów–Warsaw philosophical movement, was the most significant. Its development was closely connected with the Warsaw school of mathematics, which gave it its characteristic mathematical bent. Polish logic took as its point of departure the main trends in logical research of the time and it has influenced both subsequent logical research and subsequent work in the Western analytic tradition of philosophy. Its chief contributions were: (1) an enrichment of existing logical theory (including work on Boolean algebras, the sentential calculus, set theory, the theory of types); (2) new logical theories (for example, Leœniewski’s systems, £ukasiewicz’s many-valued logics, Tarski’s theory of truth, theory of the consequence operation and the calculus of systems); (3) new methods and tools as well as improvements of existing methods (for example, the matrix method of constructing sentential calculi, axiomatizability of logical matrices, algebraic and topological interpretations of deductive systems, permutation models for set theory, the application of quantifier elimination to decidability and definability problems); and (4) the application of formal methods to the study of the history of logic, resulting in a new understanding of the logics of Aristotle, the Stoics and the medievals.’ Journal of Indian Philosophy 31: 9–20, 2003. c 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.