184 review articles
Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 45 (2016) 184-190
Imre Galambos
Translating Chinese tradition and teaching Tangut culture: Manuscripts and printed
books from Khara-Khoto (Studies in Manuscript Cultures 6). Berlin: Walter de
Gruyter. 2015. ISBN 978-3-11-044406-3.
The Tangut Empire (a.k.a. Western Xià, 1038–1227 CE) was one of the major
powers of northeastern Asia. But today it is largely forgotten, and Tangutology
remains an obscure and isolated field within Asian studies despite tremendous
advances over the last century.
Imre Galambos’ book is a much-needed bridge between the worlds of Tang-
utology and Sinology. Galambos is uniquely qualified to write it; he is equally
at home in both fields and has a command of the various languages needed to
work in them.
The title of his book might discourage readers who are not specifically inter-
ested in Tangut or Chinese manuscripts. That would be a shame because the
first half of Translating Chinese Tradition and Teaching Tangut Culture is acces-
sible to a far broader audience.
The first chapter recounts the story of the discovery of Khara-khoto, the city
whose hidden texts became the core of Tangutology. Although the outline of
this tale should be familiar to Tangutologists, Galambos draws upon a variety
of sources to include details that may make it fresh to specialists and interest-
ing even to nonacademics. Most notable is the section “Discovery before the
‘first’ discovery” revealing that Pyotr K. Kozlov was not the first to discover
Khara-khoto and to write a report about it. Those honors in fact belong to a
Buryat named Tsokto Badmazhapov. Galambos delicately handles the ques-
tion of why Badmazhapov did not receive the recognition he deserved by de-
scribing a terrible confluence of factors: (1) the fear that non-Russians might
beat the Russians to Khara-khoto if Badmazhapov’s discovery had been an-
nounced, (2) “Kozlov’s personal yearning for fame,” and (3) an inability to view
a non-Russian without a university degree as an equal. Galambos does not
condemn anyone; he leaves readers to draw their own conclusions about this
heartbreaking theft of credit.
The second chapter goes back further in time to the identification of the
Tangut language on the Liángzhōu 涼州 bilingual stele by Zhāng Shù 張澍 cir-
ca 1804. Sinologists intimidated by Tangut may empathize with Zhāng and
other Qīng dynasty Chinese pioneers such as Liú Shīlù 劉師陸 who indepen-
dently identified the Tangut script on Tangut coins around 1805.
The narrative eventually picks up where the previous chapter left off with
an account of the development of Tangut studies following the discovery of
Khara-khoto. The hero of Tangutology during the first half of the 20
th
century
© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/19606028-00452p05
Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 45 (2016) 184-190
ISSN 0153-3320 (print version) ISSN 1960-6028 (online version) CLAO 2
East Asian Languages and Linguistics