International journal of advanced scientific and technical research Issue 2 volume 4, August 2012 Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954 Page 65 WATER BALANCE STUDIES IN VIJAYAWADA & GUNTUR CITIES Satish Kumar Kolluru *, Venkata Koteswara Rao Pasupuleti **, Dr.S.Bala Prasad*** * Associate Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering NRI Institute of Technology, Pothavarappadu, Agiripalli, Vijayawada, Krishna Dist., AP. Ph.No:- +9194925 25285 ** Assistant Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering Vignan University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, Ph.No:- +91 94418 98968 ***Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering Andhra University College of Engineering, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh 530 003, Ph.No:- +91 7396985983 __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: A water budget reflects the relationship between input and output of water through a region. The purpose of a water budget study is to determine if an area’s water supplies are adequate to meet current and projected water demands. A water budget study is essentially like assessing a financial account, where you determine how much water is being deposited in an area, how much is being withdrawn, and how much is available for future use. Water budgeting allows for planning and management of water resources in a sustainable manner. The water budgeting study leads to water supply data classification, estimation of collection-supply gap, recyclability, and savings in terms of water quantities and financial savings. The water supply balance studies were carried out for package drinking water plants in Vijayawada, Guntur cities, Vijayawada Municipal Corporation, Guntur Municipal Corporation, Vijayawada railway station, Guntur railway station. It was found from the initial water balance studies that in Vijayawada municipal corporation the water that can be saved without any additional investment is 11,40,000 liters per day. Key words: water scarcity, water budgeting, water demand, packaged drinking water __________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Globally, water demand is rising and resources are diminishing. Water is a precious natural national resource with almost fixed quantum of availability. With continuous growth in country’s population, per capita availability of utilizable water is going down, whereas with ever-rising standard of living of people, all around rapid industrialization and urbanization, demand of fresh water is going up continuously. Inspite of the fact that fresh water is rapidly becoming scarce it is continued to be used wastefully. Increasing demand and development pressures are changing the characteristics of water in India. Groundwater reserves are becoming more and more depleted as surface water sources become too polluted for human use. At the global level, about 60-70 percent of total annual water consumption is in irrigation sector. In all countries water requirement for domestic and industrial purposes is constantly on the increase. The satisfaction of these requirements becomes increasingly difficult due partly to the limited capacity of water and partly to the ever-growing pollution of the surface and ground water. Already there are acute shortages of both surface and under ground waters in many cities in the world. Due to the