Volume 36 No. 1 Journal of Tree Sciences online available at www.ists.in Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, P. O. Box 3434, National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Corresponding author e-mail: misganme@gmail.com 1 Print : ISSN 0970-7662 Online : ISSN 2455-7129 INDIAN SOCIETY OF TREE SCIENTISTS Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh Pin - 173230 (INDIA) website : www.ists.in Journal of Tree Sciences International Jounal of Research and Development in Tree Sciences and Enviornmental Conservation Volume 33 No. (1&2), 2014 Role of Agroforestry and Plantation on Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Sequestration in Ethiopia Misganaw Meragiaw June, 2017 ABSTRACT 2 emissions in connection to agricultural expansion). Conversely, agriculture and plantation could also be a solution for climate change by widespread adoption of mitigation and adaptation actions. This happens with the help of well managed agroforestry practices. Agroforestry is a tree-based farming system that has been practiced in Ethiopia for long period of time. Thus, growing of trees and crops together provide several ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and nutrient availability in soil. However, the potential to store carbon depends on types of species composition and ecological management systems. In conclusion, properly managed agroforestry systems can deliver countless outcomes in ecological, economic and social services, which need further research in Ethiopia. Key words: Agroforestry, Climate, Ethiopia, Mitigation, Sequestration, Plantation INTRODUCTION Global climate change caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO ) and other greenhouse 2 gases (GHG) is recognized as a serious environmental issue of the 21st century (Heimann and Reichstein 2008; Schroth et al. 2011). This climate change has strong relationship with agriculture; typically in developing countries where their livelihood directly associates to farming activities (IPCC 2006; Lasco et al. 2011). About 4.1 billion ha of forest and 1.5 million ha of agricultural land has been estimated in the world (FRA 2010). However, forests have been cleared over time and now global estimates suggest that 30 % of original forest cover has been converted for various uses and another 20 % has been degraded (Rizvi et al. 2015). The average annual net loss of forest has reached about 5.2 million ha in the past 15 years. A historical perspective reveals the conflict between sustainable forest management and agricultural practices. In most populous and agrarian societies (e.g., Sub-Saharan Africa) such dilemma is extremely challenging (FAO 2012). Thus, for assuring adequate food supplies in harmonized ecosystem carbon stocks, a green revolution with a special emphasis on agroforestry systems (AFS) is needed. AFS are distinct from other forms of agriculture in their ability to store higher amounts of carbon in total biomass and soils (Mbow et al. 2014; Schroth et al. 2011). Despite these facts, more than half of global species diversity is still subject to increasing human pressure, leading to the replacement of natural vegetation by monocultures (FOA 2012). DOI: 10.5958/2455-7129.2017.00001.2 Agriculture adversely affects the earth's climate (e.g., CO