International Journal of Celiac Disease, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 4, 159-163 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijcd/5/4/8 ©Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ijcd-5-4-8 Characterization of Enterobacteries Genus in Intestinal Microbiota of Celiac Children Fatima Lahcene 1,* , Aicha Tir Touil Meddah 1 , Karim Bouziane-Nedjadi 2 , Boumediene Meddah 1 , André Leke 3 1 Laboratory of Bioconversion Microbiological Engineering and Sanitary Safety (LBMESS), University of Mascara, Algeria 2 Department of pediatrics “C” (A. Cabral), CHU of Oran, Algeria 3 Department of pediatric resuscitation, CHU, Amiens, France *Corresponding author: lahcenefatima352@yahoo.com Abstract The imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is link, by several diseases such as celiac disease, which causes inflammation in the small intestine. This inflammation is due by the digestion of gluten present in some type of cereals. In this work, fecal and duodenal biopsy samples were collected to characterize by conventional culture technique the composition of the Enterobacteries group in intestinal mirobiota of celiac children and were compared with control children. A significant difference detected in the intestinal flora of celiac children compared to controls children concerning the Enterobacteries group. We found an increase of E.coli, Enterobacter aerogeneses, and Klebsiella with presence of Salmonella sp, Shigella sp in biopsy and fecal samples of celiac children and a relationship between the increase of Enterobacter cloacea and the presence of positive anti-transglutaminase value. Keywords: celiac disease, intestinal microbiota, enterobacteries, E.coli, anti-transglutaminase Cite This Article: Fatima Lahcene, Aicha Tir Touil Meddah, Karim Bouziane-Nedjadi, Boumediene Meddah, and André Leke, “Characterization of Enterobacteries Genus in Intestinal Microbiota of Celiac Children.” International Journal of Celiac Disease, vol. 5, no. 4 (2017): 159-163. doi: 10.12691/ijcd-5-4-8. 1. Introduction Intestinal flora is a complex microbial consortium. It participates actively in our good health. [1,2]. This microbial population hosted in the human digestive tract and contains approximately 10 14 bacteria [3]. The intestinal microbiota is considered as a full organ which plays an important role in energy metabolism, and nutritional balance [4]. It also serves to stimulate the intestinal immune system and opposes the intestinal colonization by pathogenic microorganisms (barrier effect) [5,6]. These functions can be influence if the composition of the flora is changed. Changing the composition of the intestinal flora both, quantitative and qualitative level may be the cause of intestinal disorders like diarrhea or chronic inflammatory diseases such as celiac disease [7]. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune affection that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals [8]. This disorder results in damage to the wall of the small intestine mucosa. When foods with gluten consuming. Gluten is a form of protein found in some cereals as (wheat, (hordein and rye) [9,10]. The damage to the intestine mucosa leads to poor absorption of many nutrient specially (fat, calcium, iron, and folate) Which results in a growth retardation in children and a risk of osteoporosis in adults [11,12] and also causes in change of the bacterial groups of intestinal flora as Enterobacterie [13]. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of Enterobactries group starting at biopsy and fecal samples in celiac children and controls children by classical microbiology technical. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Subjects and Samples Collection The duodenal biopsy samples and fecal samples were collected from two groups of children; (1) group of celiac children, having clinical manifestations evoking the celiac disease, occurring after the introduction of gluten in the diet with a confirmation of the disease by histological analysis according to the classification of Marsh for different types of villous atrophy and serological analysis, such children have no other pathology. For (2) group of controls, are non-celiac children, have a normal villous structure and a negative serology. The two groups of children do not follow any treatment with antibiotics or corticosteroids at least two month prior to sampling period. A total 30 fecal and 19 duodenal biopsy of these children were collected in sterile jars labeled with the name of the child. 2.2. Ethical Consideration The children were enlisted in the study after informed consent was achieved by their parents and the Ethics Committee of the faculty of Medicine - Oran- Algeria. 2.3. Sample Treatment One gram of each fecal sample and per milligram of intestinal biopsy (grinding using a scalpel) were weighed and placed into 9 ml of sterile physiological water; it is the