Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5, 160-173
http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep
ISSN Online: 2327-4344
ISSN Print: 2327-4336
DOI: 10.4236/gep.2017.511012 Nov. 22, 2017 160 Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection
Proliferation of Salvinia molesta at Lake Kyoga
Landing Sites as a Result of Anthropogenic
Influences
Morgan Andama
*
, Robert Ongom, Ben Lukubye
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
Abstract
Salvinia molesta (native of south-eastern Brazil) is a free floating aquatic fern
that has spread to several countries around the globe including Uganda. Un-
der optimum growing conditions, the plant is capable of spreading rapidly
where it can have immense environmental, economic and human health im-
pacts. Thick mats of the weed have been recorded in some parts of Lake
Kyoga, Uganda where it hinders the abstraction of water, docking and boat
take-off, bathing and swimming activities. Therefore this study aimed to de-
termine the extent of S. molesta at selected landing sites in Lake Kyoga and
the influence of anthropogenic activities on the weed coverage as well as the
effect of physico-chemical parameters of the water on the development of the
weed. Quadrats were used to ascertain the coverage of S. molesta while the
physico-chemical parameters were determined by standard methods. The re-
sults showed significant positive correlation of S. molesta weed coverage with
phosphates (PO
4
-P) and negative correlations with pH, dissolved oxygen
(DO) and water flow rate. Though statistically insignificant waste sites re-
corded the highest overall S. molesta coverage (82.61 ± 21.12 m
2
) per 400 m
2
quadrat followed by boat docks (82.24 ± 19.45 m
2
), gardens (50.93 ± 11.82 m
2
)
and finally fishing areas (27.94 ± 5.93 m
2
) respectively. The overall weed cov-
erage was highest around the shoreline locations of Acholi inn landing site
(101.72 ± 22.89 m
2
per 400 m
2
) followed by Masindi port (60.39 ± 15.64 m
2
),
Waitumba (41.89 ± 10.55 m
2
) and the least in the offshore location at Kayei
landing site (39.71 ± 10.17 m
2
). Salvinia molesta distribution in Lake Kyoga is
linked to nutrient (PO
4
-P) supply, proximity to the shoreline and the associ-
ated anthropogenic activities. Hence waste sites, gardens and boat docks en-
hance S. molesta invasion in Lake Kyoga. Therefore, sources of nutrients
(phosphates) into Lake Kyoga that favour the proliferation of S. molesta
should be minimized through adequate waste treatment and prohibition of
How to cite this paper: Andama, M.,
Ongom, R. and Lukubye, B. (2017) Prolife-
ration of Salvinia molesta at Lake Kyoga
Landing Sites as a Result of Anthropogenic
Influences. Journal of Geoscience and En-
vironment Protection, 5, 160-173.
https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.511012
Received: September 26, 2017
Accepted: November 19, 2017
Published: November 22, 2017
Copyright © 2017 by authors and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access